298 NETTLE FAMILY. 



rusty-downy buds ; leaves 4'- 8' long, doubly serrate, very rough above ; these 

 and the flowers sweet-scented in drying ; calyx-lobes and stamens 7 - 9 ; fruit 

 much less than 1' long, the seed-bearing centre pubescent. 



XT. mont&na, Wtch or Scotch Elm. Planted from Eu. : leaves smaller 

 and less rough ; buds not downy ; calyx-lobes and stamens about 5 ; fruits 1' 

 long, smooth. 



■ § 2. Leaves smooth above, smaller: notch at the summit of the fruit reaching nearly 

 to the seed-bearing cell : fruit only about ^' long. 



* European species occasionally planted : flower's in close clusters : pedicels very 



short or hardly any : stamens 4 or 5 ; fruit smooth, round-obovate. 



U. camp^Stris (or OLiEKA), English Elm. Large tree with rather short 

 horizontal or ascending branches ; leaves 2'-4' long, mostly or soon smooth. 



U. sufaerdsa, European Cokk-Elm. Probably a mere variety of the 

 preceding, with thick plates of cork on the branches. 



* * Wild species, with the flowers soon hanging on slender stalks, which are jointed 



above the middle : fruit ovate or oval, with 2 sharp teeth at apex, the margin 

 downy-ciliate ut least when young. 



V. Americ^a, American or White Elm. Well known large tree, 

 with long ascending branches gradually spreading, drooping slender branchlets, 

 which are smooth as well as the buds, not corky ; the abruptly pointed leaves 

 2' - 4' long ; flowers in close clusters, with usually 7-9 calyx-lobes and stamens ; 

 fruit smooth except the margins, its incurved points closing the notch. 



U. racemdsa, Corky White Elm. Kesembles the foregoing, but with 

 downy-ciliate bud-scales ; branches becoming corky, young branchlets some- 

 what pubescent, leaves with straighter veins, and flowers racemed. 



U. al^ta, Whahoo or Winged Elm. Virginia to 111. and S. : small 

 tree, with bud-scales and branchlets nearly smooth, winged plates of cork on 

 the branches, and small thickish leaves (1' -2' long) almost sessile. 



2. PLAWERA, PLANEU-TREE. (Named for /. J. Planer, a German 

 Botanist. ) Flowers greenish, appearing with the leaves in early spring. 



P. aqil&tica, American P. River swamps, from Kentucky S. : small 

 tree, leaves ovate-oblong, smooth ; fruit stalked in the calyx, beset with irregular 

 warts or crests. 



3. CELTIS, HACKBERRY or NETTLE-TREE. (Ancient Greek name 

 for the Lotus-berry, produced by the European species.) El. spring: fruit 

 ripe in autumn, eatable. 



C. OCCidentUis, American H. Small or middle-sized tree, of rich low 

 grounds ; with reticulated ovate and taper-pointed .serrate or entire leaves, 

 oblique or partly heart-shaped at base, sweet thin-fleshed fruit as large as a pea. 

 Var. ptJMiLA, a straggling bush, chiefly S., only 4° - 10° high. 



4. FICUS, FIG. (The Latin, altered from the Greek name of the Fig.) 



P. Cariea, Common Fig. Cult, from the Levant, as a house-plant N. : 

 leaves broad, 3 - 5-lobed, roughish above, rather downy beneath ; figs single in 

 the axils, pear-shaped, luscious. 



F. el4stica, India-Rubber-tree of E. Indies (not that of S. America) : 

 tree cult, in conservatories for its beautiful leaves, 6' - 10' long, oval-oblong, 

 entire, thick, smooth, bright green, glossy above. 



P. rfepens, from China, a delicate creeping species, fixing itself firmly by 

 rootlets and covering walls in conservatories ; leaves 1' or less long, oblong- 

 ovate, with unequal partly heart-shaped base. 



6. MORUS, MinLBEERY. (Old Greek and Latin name.) Leaves hearts 

 shaped or ovate, mostly serrate, often palmately lobed ; short catkin-like 

 spikes axillary or lateral ; fl. spring : fruit in summer, eatable. 



M. rilbra, Red Mdlberrt. Low tree, wild in rich woods or along 

 streams ; leaves rough above, downy beneath, pointed ; spikes often dioecious, 

 fruit cylindrical, red, turning dark purple. 



