TELEOLOGY OF THE EVOLUTIONIST. 25 



and care which have been lavished on the real foot and 

 upon the model, than there is between the skill and 

 the time taken to produce Westminster Abbey, and that 

 bestowed upon a gingerbread cake stuck with sugar 

 plums so as to represent it, but also that these two 

 objects must have been manufactured on different prin- 

 ciples. We do not for a moment doubt that the real foot 

 was designed, but we are so astonished at the dexterity 

 of the designer that we are at a loss for some time to 

 think who could have designed it, where he can live, 

 in what manner he studied, for how long, and by what 

 processes he carried out his design, when matured, into 

 actual practice. Until recently it was thought that 

 there was no answer to many of these questions, move 

 especially to those which bear upon the mode of manu- 

 facture. For the last hundred years, however, the 

 importance of a study has been recognized which does 

 actually reveal to us in no small degree the processes 

 by which the human foot is manufactured, so that in 

 the endeavour to lay our hands upon the points of 

 difference between the kind of design with which the 

 foot itself is designed, and the design of the model, 

 we turn naturally to the guidance of those who have 

 made this study their specialty ; and a very wide dif- 

 ference does this study, embryology, at once reveal 



to us. 



Writing of the successive changes through which 

 each embryo is foi-ced to pass, the late Mr. G. H. Lewes 

 says that " none of these phases have any adaptation 

 to the future state of the animal, but are in positive 

 contradiction to it or are simply purposeless ; whereas 



