$o6 EVOLUTION, OLD AND NEW. 



long necks, but this is because they plunge their heads 

 as low in the water as they can in their search for 

 aquatic larvee and other animalcules, but make no effort 

 to lengthen their legs." * 



This too is taken from some passage which I have 

 either never seen or have lost sight of. Paley never 

 gives a reference to an opponent, though he frequently 

 does so when quoting an author on his own side, but I 

 can hardly doubt that he had in his mind the passage 

 from which Lamarck in 1809 derived the foregoing, 

 when in 1802 he wrote § 5 of chapter xv. and the latter 

 half of chapter xxiii. of his ' Natural Theology.' 



" The tongues of the ant-eater and the woodpecker," 

 continues Lamarck, "have become elongated from 

 similar causes. Humming birds catch hold of things 

 with their tongues; serpents and lizards use their 

 tongues to touch and reconnoitre objects in front of 

 them, hence their tongues have come to be forked. 



" Need — always occasioned by the circumstances in 

 which an animal is placed, and followed by sustained 

 efforts at gratification — can not only modify an organ, 

 that is to say, augment or reduce it, but can change its 

 position when the case requires its removal, f 



" Ocean fishes have occasion to see what is on either 

 side of them, and have their eyes accordingly placed on 

 either side their head. Some fishes, however, have 

 their abode near coasts on submarine banks and incli- 

 nations, and are thus forced to flatten themselves as 

 much as possible in order to get as near as they can to 

 the shore. In this situation they receive more light 

 • 'Phil. Zool..' torn. i. p. 250. f Page 250. 



