OLD AND NEW THEORIES COMPARED. 335 



CHAPTER XIX. 



MAIN POINTS OF AQBEEMBNT AND OF DIFPEEBNCB BE- 

 TWEEN THE OLD AND NEW THEOBIES OF EVOLUTION. 



Having put before the reader with some fulness the 

 theories of the three writers to whom we owe the older 

 or teleological view of evolution, I will now compare 

 that view more closely with the theory of Mr. Darwin 

 and Mr. Wallace, to whom, in spite of my profound 

 difference of opinion with them on the subject of 

 natural selection, I admit with pleasure that I am under 

 deep obligation. For the sake of brevity, I shall 

 take Lamarck as the exponent of the older view, and 

 Mr. Darwin as that of the one now generally accepted. 

 We have seen, that up to a certain point there 

 is very little difference between Lamarck and Mr. 

 Darwin. Lamarck maintains that animals and plants 

 vary : so does Mr. Darwin. Lamarck maintains that 

 variations having once arisen have a tendency to 

 be transmitted to offspring and accumulated : so does 

 Mr. Darwin. Lamarck maintains that the accumula- 

 tion of variations, so small, each one of them, that 

 it cannot be, or is not noticed, nevertheless will lead in 

 the course of that almost infinite time during which 

 life has existed upon earth, to very wide differences in 

 form, structure, and instincts: so does Mr. Darwin. 



