26 APPALACHIAN AND WHITE MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS. 



north to Mount Webster on the south, and includes the following 



Seaks: Madison, the three Adamses, Jefferson, Clay, Washington, 

 [onroe, Franklin, Pleasant Dome, Clinton, and Webster. This 

 stretch of country is about 15 miles long by 5 miles in breadth and 

 contains about 50,000 acres. 



This range is the source of five rivers, by which it is drained — the 

 Saco, the Ammonoosuc, and Israel, tributaries of the Connecticut, 

 and the Moose and Peabody, tributaries of the Androscoggin. 



The underlying rock is granitic gneiss. By disintegration and 

 mixture with organic matter it forms a loamy sand. The depth of 

 the soil varies with the elevation, aspect, and gradient. In the 

 valleys and on the lower slopes the soil is generally deep, with little 

 outcropping rock. With ascent in altitude and increase in gradient 

 the depth increases, till on the steep upper slopes there are only 

 immense masses of bare outcropping rock and scattered bowlders. 



Next to the Presidential Range, the Carter-Moriah Range is of the 

 most importance. It runs parallel to the Presidential Range and is 

 separated from it by the Glen Ellis and Peabody rivers. The highest 

 peak is Carter Dome, with an elevation of 4,860 feet, and there are 

 eight peaks in all, with elevations of over 4,000 feet. The general 

 character of the soil and underl;\ang rock is the same as on the Presi- 

 dential Range. The range is about 20 miles long and from 2 to 7 

 njiles wide. It is entirely surrounded by the five rivers by which it 

 is drained — the Peabody and Glen Ellis rivers on the west, the Wild 

 and the east branch of the Saco on the east and south, and the 

 Androscoggin on the north. The Peabody and Wild rivers flow 

 northeast mto the Androscoggin, and the Glen Ellis flows into the 

 Saco. 



The northern part of the White Mountain region, in Coos County, 

 N. H., is flatter than the White Mountains proper, and contains many 

 lakes and low moimtains with wide rolling valleys between. The 

 Connecticut Lakes, the headwaters of the Connecticut River, lie in the 

 northern part of this region. These lakes are small. The protection 

 of the watershed around them is therefore of greater importance than 

 if they were large and formed a greater storage area for water. 



The area in Maine includes 700,000 acres in Oxford and Franklin 

 counties. This entire region is very rough and rugged, containing no 

 regular ranges of mountains, but being broken up into a great number 

 of irregular peaks and ridges. The five Rangeley lakes, the head- 

 waters of the Androscoggin River, he in the southern part of this 

 region. North of these lakes, in the Magalloway, Cufsuftic, and Ken- 

 nebago watersheds, the country is extremely rough, including a great 

 number of tall mountain peaks, extending up to the Boundary Moun- 

 tains between the United States and Canada. The extreme eastern 

 Eortion of this area lies in the Dead River watershed, the extreme 

 eadwaters of a tributary of the Kennebec River. The land in this 

 watershed is flatter than to the west and contains many small lakes, 

 ponds, and bogs. For this reason the protection of the watersheds is 

 not of so great importance as in the more mountainous country to the 

 west, and the main watershed of the Kennebec River has not, there- 

 fore, been included in the proposed boundary fines. 



