IV 



VERMES— INTESTINAL GANAL 



205 



(Esophagus directly behind the mouth, recalls in a striking manner the 

 arrangement found in the Archiannelida and the Terebellidm. The 

 ciliated fore -gut itself falls into 2 parts, a straight anterior oeso- 

 phagus, and a short posterior fore-stomach into which 2 lateral salivary 



glands enter. 



In the Chwtognatha the very simple fore-gu.t which lies in the head 

 is compressed transversely, and provided externally with a muscular 

 layer whose fibres run dorso-ventrally. 



B. The Mid-gut. 



The mid-gut comes from the endodermal mesen- 

 teron of the larva or embryo. The relations of the 

 various divisions of the gut to the embryonic gut are, 

 however, clearly established in only a few cases, so 

 that the demarcation of the mid-gut from the fore- and 

 hind-guts is to a great extent arbitrary. In the epi- 

 thelium of the mid-gut numerous gland cells are uni- 

 versally found. 



The mid-gut of the Nemertina runs through the 

 whole body, generally in a straight line, from the 

 oesophagus to near the anus. It lies under the 

 proboscis. It usually has numerous unbranched lateral 

 sacs or diverticula, which occasionally lie one behind 

 the other pretty regularly, and so cause a segmentation 

 of the gut similar to that in the Triclada. In the 

 Hoplonemertina the gut sends off towards the front an 

 unpaired diverticulum under the oesophagus. 



A musculature peculiar to the mid-gut has not yet 

 been discovered in the Nemertina. 



The mid-gut of Malacobddla jiossesses no lateral diverticula ; 

 it has instead a serpentine course. 



In the Nematoda also the mid-gut has a straight 

 course through the body. A special enteric muscula- 

 ture seems everywhere wanting. " 



With few exceptions the mid-gut of the Anmdata testinai canal 

 also runs in a straight line through the body. It is and genital or- 

 almost everywhere surrounded outwardly by a muscular S3,ns of a Nemer- 



. . p . 1 1 1 • T 7 tian, diagramma- 



layer, consisting of circular and longitudinal muscle 

 fibres. 



The mid-gut of the Hirudinea shows mostly paired, 

 lateral, segmentally arranged cseca or diverticula, the glands opening 

 last pair of which is often very lona; and extends back- °"''>^^''<5^ ^y i'**'^- 

 wards on both sides of the hind-gut. Sometimes only 

 this last pair of diverticula is retained, or the diverticula may be 

 altogether wanting {e.g. Nephelis, Lumbii 



tic. m, Mouth ; a, 

 auus ; d, gut ; da., 

 intestinal diverti- 



cula ; 



genital 



