206 WAKE-ROBIN 
and, to be seen, must be sought for. In passing 
through the woods, most persons have a vague con- 
sciousness of slight chirping, semi-musical sounds 
in the trees overhead. In most cases these sounds 
proceed from the warblers. Throughout the Middle 
and Eastern States, half a dozen species or so may 
be found in almost every locality, as the redstart, 
the Maryland yellow-throat, the yellow warbler 
(not the common goldfinch, with black cap, and 
black wings and tail), the hooded warbler, the black 
and white creeping warbler; or others, according to 
the locality and the character of the woods. In 
pine or hemlock woods, one species may predomi- 
nate; in maple or oak woods, or in mountainous 
districts, another. The subdivision of ground war- 
blers, the most common members of which are the 
Maryland yellow-throat, the Kentucky warbler, and 
the mourning ground warbler, are usually found in 
low, wet, bushy, or half-open woods, often on and 
always near the ground. The summer yellowbird, 
or yellow warbler, is not now a wood-bird at all, 
being found in orchards and parks, and along streams 
and in the trees of villages and cities. 
As we go north the number of warblers increases, 
till, in the northern part of New England, and in 
the Canadas, as many as ten or twelve varieties 
may be found breeding in June. Audubon found 
the black-poll warbler breeding in Labrador, and 
congratulates himself on being the first white man 
who had ever seen its nest. When these warblers 
pass north in May, they seem to go singly or in 
