Family CHARADRIIDyE. Genus Phalaropus. 



Subfamily Totanin/e. 



RED-NECKED PHALAROPE. 



PHALAROPUS HYPERBOREUS— (Z/;/««z^x). 



Geographical Distribution. — British: Now only known to 

 breed in a few favoured spots in the Shetlands, the Orkneys, and 

 the Outer Hebrides (North and South Uist and Benbecula). 

 Formerly bred in Sutherlandshire, Inverness-shire, and Perth- 

 shire. To the mainland of Scotland and England, and other 

 island localities, it is now only known as a rare visitor on migra- 

 tion, chiefly in autumn. Rare on eastern coast of Scotland, and 

 perhaps most frequent in Norfolk. Has not hitherto been 

 observed in Ireland. Foreign : Circumpolar region above the 

 limits of forest growth ; Oriental and southern Palsearctic and 

 Nearctic regions in winter. Summer visitor to Southern Green- 

 land, the Faroes, Iceland, Northern Scandinavia, and to the 

 tundras of the Dovrefjeld in lat. 62°, Nova Zembla, and eastwards 

 across Siberia as far north as land extends, but rarely south of 

 the Arctic Circle, except in the far east, where Middendorff 

 observed it breeding on the west coast of the Sea of Okhotsk as 

 far south as lat. 55°. South of these limits in the Old World it is a 

 winter visitor to the coasts of Europe, becoming rare in the 

 Mediterranean basin, being absent altogether apparently from 

 North-east Africa, Asia Minor, and Palestine. It passes across 

 Asia on most of the known internal routes of migration, and 

 winters in Persia, and less frequently in Northern India. It is 

 also known on the Japanese coasts on migration, and winters in 

 China and the Malay Archipelago south to New Guinea. The 

 New World individuals pass southwards to winter in the United 

 States, Mexico, and Central America, occasionally wandering on 

 their way southwards as far to the east as the Bermudas. 



