( 7 ) 



tion has been given in the form of pruning and train- 

 ing, but others that bore fruit annually were permitted 

 to grow in a semi-wild state, 

 (3.) With the exception of oranges (especially the man- 

 darin), there are no plantations of fruit trees. 

 (4.) Fruit-trees are usually low trained and those which 

 are left nearly in their natural states resemble the stan- 

 dards, but there are no standards as are seen in Europe 

 and America, nor are there such roadside trees as 

 may be seen in Germany. 

 (5.), There is a special method of training in Japan, and it 



differs greatly from, that in vogue in the west. 

 (6.) There are special measures taken in Japan, for 



instance enveloping fruit in hanging bags. .' 

 (7.) Irrigation is not required in Japanese ffuit gardens 

 during summer, while drainage is usually very neces- 

 sary and in case when the latter is unsatisfactory, 

 though the trees may fruit, the result is always very 

 bad. 

 (8.) Fruit culture in Japan is almost always a by-produc- 

 tion of farmers, and as such the cultivation is encourag- 

 (9.) ed. Districts specially devoted to fruit culture are few. 



(lO.) There is no horse-power or machine power used in 

 fruit gardens. This is because manual labour is cheap, 

 and besides the gardens are on too small a scale or 

 their grounds are too precipitous to use those powers, 



(11.) Our fruitculture is intensive in labour but lacking capital. 



(12.) The variety of fruit trees also the stock plants, and 

 the methods of propagation are widely different from 

 those of Europe and America.' 



{13.) The fruit-growers of Japan are careless in packing 

 and pay little attention to trade marks. Consequently 

 well-grown fruit when placed on the market does not 

 obtain its proper value. 



{14.) The customs of the fruit and vegetable markets in 



