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mitted into the hands of professional men called " Budoshi " 

 who annually make rounds of visits in winter from cottage to 

 cottage offering their services. The work of pruning and 

 training are in the hands of the specialists. Thus a good deal 

 of division of labour has been brought about. Our native 

 vines differ widely from those of China and Korea. In these 

 countries, excellent varieties, both of native and foreign .origin, 

 are now cultivated with good results. Tliey belong to the 

 true vinifera type and are similar in some respects to English 

 choice green-house varieties. 



Viticulture passed many hundreds of years in infancy and 

 the acreage of vine-yards was trifling. During the past twenty 

 years, our viticulture has made large strides in many respects. 

 American varieties, except the resistant vines, were first 

 introduced as also some European varieties ; and these have 

 spread through the whole country. Western procedures were 

 blindly imitated. The old, superior vines of " Koshu " have 

 largely been supplanted by the American "foxy" vines, in 

 their growing centers. Even at present, Catawba, Isabella, 

 Concord, Adirondac and other numerous inferior kinds are 

 grown for their early ripening and large crops. No advance 

 has been made on the cultivation of European grapes. Growers 

 are ignorant about the selection of varieties, protection 

 against foes, while planting at random in large areas. Most 

 of these vineyards have resulted in utter failure from various 

 causes, particularly from severe ravages of insects and fungi. 

 The wine made from these inferior " foxy " grapes are 

 rejected everywhere, though cheap. Until recently, the 

 healthiest and most productive kinds of these American grapes 

 continued to remain but the others have vanished from our 

 vineyards. 



Aside from the cultivation of American vines, a number of 

 viniferas have been introduced from France. Amongst the vine- 

 yards of this category, an experimental farm of the Central Gov- 

 ernment has the largest acreage and fullest equipments. It was 



