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vines. The remedies against enemies are at our disposal. 

 But the vines grow sickly and often fall a prey to their 

 enemies, their tender parts being especially subject to the 

 ravages of micro-organisms. During the period of flowering 

 long and heavy rainfalls are apt to check pollination and 

 prevent fruiting. 



Such unfavourable state ot things, however, does not 

 appear in many districts of the other half of Japan, the central 

 Japan and the Inland Sea Regions. The above named 

 vineyards of Iwanohara and Hirosaki belong to Ura-Nippon. 

 The vineyards of Iwanohara are located on the table-lands 

 formerly treeless grasslands and long abandoned on account 

 of the lack of irrigation ; but the soil has been found suited to 

 vines. The vineyards as a whole face north-west toward the 

 Sea of Japan. The soil is variable in texture in different 

 parts of the vineyards, and the best fruits are obtained on 

 gravelly loam. Hiro;aki Vineyard has been established on 

 flat, alluvial deposits. The finest specimens are obtaineJ from 

 rich, heavy loam with gravelly subsoil. Besides, small vine- 

 yards near Yonezawa have produced vinifera grapes, such as 

 Black Hambro', Feher Szagos and Green Hungarian. Both 

 of these vineyards have long since produced choice dessert 

 and wine grapes quite in open air. Mr. Fukuba, Gardener to 

 H. I. M. the Emperor, has told me that it is difficult to grow 

 such fine specimens as those of Hirosaki evea by the most 

 experienced hands under glass. The Black Hambro' from 

 this locality have long been in the service of the Imperial 

 Household by special appointment. Bjsides, the French wine 

 grapes are grown there and fine claret is produced. 



In the Iwanohara Vineyards, all of the above named 

 varieties of European, Californian and American origin have 

 been imported during the past fifteen years. Though the 

 relative merits vary according to the soil, season and variety, 

 the following sorts are having good success : — 



