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stand out from the water with their naked or lightly wooded 

 crowns. Their arid, red brown summits remain scarcely pro- 

 tected from weathering by the deep-rooted pines. The chains 

 of moimtains seen in the background of this grand panorama 

 alsoi show similar features. 



The whole scenery is located on lands made of granite and 

 quartz porphyry. 



The absorptive capacity of these soils for the fertilising 

 elements is fairly good, but they are poor in phosphoric acid. 

 Htence, in soils of this category and alluvial deposits derived 

 therefrom, soluble phosphates prove less effective, especially 

 in rainy seasons. Thus, our growers are accustomed to use 

 certain phosphatic manures, such as bone meals, fish oil 

 cakes, dried fish, etc. as most effective. 



The famous peach and apple orchards of Okayama, ' Sanu- 

 ki and lyo are mostly located on soils of this class. Besides, 

 goodiorange groves have been established on this soil in Hagi, 

 province Nagato and in Kiusiu, as shown in the tables. 



3. SOILS DERIVED FROM ARGHEAN 

 FORMATION. 



The archean formations occupy the smallest area inr this 

 country and is very fragmentary in its distribution. It consists 

 of gneiss and crystalline schists. The larger part of the land 

 is hilly and only 15 per cent of the whole area is flat land. 



T^he gneiss system includes many kinds of rocks, of which 

 the granite gneiss forms the main part of the cultivated land. 

 It reseftlbleW granite, but give's rise to a soil of different proper- 

 ties. . In the south-west part of Japan, orange, mandarin add 

 loquat groves are planted in soils of Archean origin. 



Paddy fields and farms are rarely met with on such soils. 

 But special plants like the mulberry, tobacco and often " Kon- 

 niak " (Amorphophalus Riveri) are grown with best results. 



