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Wet state and the soil drying up to quite a depth, when dry 

 weather continues. ' The roots of trees can penetrate into a 

 great depth to seek nroisture and nutriment. The mechanical 

 resistance to the growth of the roots being much less than in 

 the caSe of loamy soils, they are apt- to grow vigorously and 

 extend farther and wider and deeper into the soil than in the 

 latter case. Fruit trees planted in such a soil commonly de^ 

 velop a few strong roots in place of fibrous ones. ■ Fine, 

 compact root-system can solely be obtained by checking their 

 quick growth by some artificial means. Root pruning, 

 transplanting and pot culture, answer well for this purpose and 

 to promote fruiting in such unfavorable kinds of soils. 



Fruits of' good qualities can never be obtained from such 

 soils even if rich manuring is done. 



In such light, friable soil, however, when mixed with rich 

 humus, root crops have shown excellent results. Long,' 

 beautiful specimens of the native radish, carrot, burdock, 

 turnip and the like have long since been grown by the sub- 

 urban kitchen gardeners of Tokio on such kinds of soils.' 

 Their beauty is unsurpassed and they always command a high 

 price in the market. 



Thus, the Old Quaternary soils have after all contributed 

 very little to the fruit industry of this country. 



8, YOUNGER QUATERNARY SOILS. 



They occupy the largest part of the flat land ot this count- 

 ry. Agriculture has been most extensively carried on in this 

 soil. The soils differ in their physical and chemical properties 

 according to the nature of the mother rocks. 



Generally they have a good texture for fruit growing, but 

 those formed by the action of the sea waves are often too 

 light and permeable, and renders irrigation necessary in dry 

 seasbns. The alluvial deposits on river beds have more or less 

 a loamy texture, and are mostly underlaid by porous and 



