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" - As above stated, pears and vines are trained on the hori- 

 zontal trellis made of bamboo canes and supported on v/ooden 

 posts^ Recently. they have been replaced with wire trellis in 

 some localities. It is called "tana " and such a mode of train- 

 ing is called "tana-zukuri." Its height differs in localities and 

 by the kind of fruit, but generally it measures 5-5. 5 ft., equal 

 to the average height of our adult man. Women and children 

 can work on the trellis by the aid of ladders or high wooden 

 shoes, very popular in this country. 



The training on supports, being restricted to the tana-train- 

 ing, our growers, especially those near 'cities have always 

 be skillful. In a pear growing centre in the vicinity of 

 Tokio there are trees over a century old, grown by this systeni. 

 The present system of training is recorded to have been prac- 

 ticed by our fore-fathers. It has spread among our growers 

 throughout this country in favour of easiness to get the material 

 of construction as well as the simplicity of its own method. 

 Bamboo canes, the principal material can be got anywhere by 

 every farmer and grower. It has long been the custom to 

 grow it for the purpose of cropping young shoots as spring 

 Vegetables and for windbreaks or the protection of river em- 

 bankments. Thinned canes are used as materials. Even the 

 small farmers can get them cheap. 



Tana is constructed with long bamboo canes set about 

 1-2 ft. apart crosswise, and fixed unmovably with straw twine. 

 It requires for the construction rather large amount of labour, 

 while it does not much trouble our growers since it is usual to 

 make the trellis in winter. 



Young trees from the nursery being planted in a regular 

 manner, are manured and subject to their own growth as such 

 for three or four years to make them root well. When the trees 

 are fully established with strong a root system, they undergo 

 their first training. Among those shoots, growing erect on 

 the top, those emerging about 5 ft. above ground are bent and 

 fixed in position with straw twine on the trellis. • Afterwards,^ 



