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and are studying the effects of different manures on the quality 

 and yield of fruits. 



Chemical fertilizers have become familiar among growers, 

 and phosphates have proved effective on some kinds of fruits, 

 while other kinds of fertilizers have not been much used. 



Night soil, stable manures, litter and Vv'eeds from th? 

 roadsides or meadows were almost exclusively used. Until 

 recently there have been meadows reserved for the, common 

 use of each village. In some parts large quantities of weeds 

 and under-growth are put thickly beneath the trees to serve 

 as manure. The insufficiency of these manures has come to 

 be acknowledged, and improvements are being introduced; 

 Sea weeds are also often employed. 



The application of potash, lime and other mineral 

 ingredients as fertilizers is of great importance in this country, 

 especially for fruit growing. But the majority of our growers 

 and farmers still seem to be ignorant of it. Beside the customary 

 use of night soil and stable manures, wood and straw ashes', 

 rape seed cake, soy bean cakes, fish oil cakes are used more 

 or less. Fish manures can now be supplied rather cheap. Fish 

 manures have also been imported from America in recent years. 

 Bone manures are seldom used in our farms and orchards, since 

 cattle raising is hardly developed in this country. 



Generally speaking, the majority of our farmers and 

 growers are still ignorant of the use of manures for fruit raisingj 

 and no serious attention is paid to it, as in the case of rice 

 culture. > 



Some experts have, however, made experiments on the 

 relative value of different commercial fertilizers on orchards 

 and other crops. 



Particular kinds of manures, the nature of which is kept 

 secret are also used by some. For citrous fruits, for example, 

 an expert grower in the Province of Kii is said to use common 

 salt to promote the keeping quality of oranges and mandarins. 

 The first results were strikingly good, and since that time he; 



