Systematic Course. 19 
‘but this feature is difficult to make out. Include 
the leaf-hoppers of all kinds, ¢.g., green-fly blight of tea, 
the mango Jassid, and the cnrious Centrotus which is 
attended by the large black (Camponotus) ant. 
III.— Hererorrera,—Front wings have the basal portion thickened. 
The sub-order contains a large number of families, of which it will only 
be necessary to notice the following’:— 
(a) Pentatomide.—These insects can usually be recognised by their 
triangular shape, large scutellum and five-jointed antenna, 
Include soldier-bugs, which destroy caterpillars. 
(4) Coreide.—Can usually be recognised by the shape of the pro- 
thorax. The antenne are four-jointed, and there is a long 
weak proboscis, Most of the species are yellowish in 
colour and have the posterior femora more or less thickened. 
Include the’rice-sapper and other plant-feeding forms. 
(c) Lygeide.—These are slender weak insects with four-jointed 
antenne and thin proboscis. Most of the common Indian 
species are reddish in colour, and can be distinguished 
from the Coreide by their slender body and indented 
prothorax. Include the red cotton bug and other plant- 
feeding forms, 
(d) Capsida.—These are small insects, which can usually be dis- 
tinguished from the preceding families by the smallness 
or absence of the terminal (fourth) joint of the antenne. 
Include the mosquito blight of tea and other plant-feeding 
forms, 
(ce) Reduviide.—These insects can usually be recognised by their 
freely movable heads, and short curved proboscis, with 
which the larger species can inflict a sting of some severity. 
They feed on insects, and probably destroy a number of 
injurious forms. _ 
Coccida.—These minute insects do an enormous amourt of damage to 
vegetation and are likely to be extremely destructive in Indian 
forests, though little has yet been recorded upon the subject. Cocoanut 
palms in the Laceadive Islands, also Areca palms on the Bombay Coast, 
and coffee bushes in Southern India and Ceylon are known to suffer 
toa very serious extent indeed from the attack of Coccide insects, 
while mango and orange trees, tea bushes and other plants have been 
reported as harbouring various species, Among useful species may 
be noticed the lac-insect and the cochineal. The lac-insect (Carteria 
Jacca) secretes both wax and dye, the lac being poured out by glands 
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