Systematic Course. 23 
frait. Spraying the trees at the time of flowering with a wash made 
of the arsenical insecticide known as London purple, has been found 
an effective remedy in the Saharunpur botanical gardens, but it is 
doubtful to what extent the application is practicable generally. 
Heteroptera—In habits there is little to notice about the land 
Heteroptera which in this respect are very similar to the Fulgorids 
and the Cicadellide. No very satisfactory method of dealing with 
them has yet been discovered, though heavy pruning combined with 
high cultivation is said in some cases to have proved beneficial against 
the mosquito blight of tea gardens. In Ceylon the cultivators are 
said to have a way of destroying the destructive rice-sapper by beating 
through the paddy with a winonow rubbed with glutinous matter to 
which the insects adhere. 
lil_—Neuroptera. 
The Neuroptera have many points in eommon with the Orthoptera: 
They generally possess four membranous wings, with a thickly-set nets 
work of veins much like those of the Libellulide. Again they have 
biting mouth parts which are essentially similar in structure to the 
mouth parts of the cockroach. They differ from the Orthoptera in 
passing through a resting pupal stage. When full fed the larva spins 
itself up into a cocoon, where it transfgrms into a motionless chrysalis, 
from which the winged adult afterwards emerges. Two of the com- 
monest Indian groups are the Chrysopine and Myrmeleoninz. 
(1) Cérysoptne (Chrysopa or lace-winged flies). The imago is 
a slender insect, yellowish or greenish in colour, which 
may be recognised by its thread-like antennez and two 
similar pairs of delicate transparent wings thickly beset 
with net-like nervules. The larve are active little crea- 
tures, with sharp mandibles. They feed upon Aphida 
and are believed to have a considerable effect in keeping 
these destructive insects in check. The eggs are set 
upon slender stalks about a quarter of an inch in length, 
little groups of them may often be seen standing on twigs 
where Aphide are numerous. The appearance they pre- 
sent is very much that of a number of little white pins 
stuck into the twig. 
(2) Myrmeleoning (Ant-lions).—Amongst other places these crea- 
tures are common in the bed of the Song river near Dehra, 
1 Said to be composed of the “ congulated milk of the jak.” 
