z4 Elementary Manual of Zoology. 
where the larve form little pits in the sand in which 
they lie in wait for passing ants and other insects, The 
imago is a large-winged insect very much like a dragon- 
fly, from which, however, it can at once be distinguished 
by its many-jointed, club-shaped, antenne. 
1V.--Coleoptera. 
This group comprises all the beetles. These insects can be reeog- 
nised by the shape of the horny front wings (Elytra), which meet down 
the back ina straight line. ‘The mouth parts are essentially similar 
in structure to those of the cockroach. The prothorax is freely movable 
upon the mesothorax, and there is a well-marked pupal stage. Some 
ninety thousand different species of beetles have been described, and 
of these a very considerable proportion occur in India. They present 
a large number of well-marked groups, in many cases with very 
different habits. In this manual it will only be necessary to notice a 
few of the more important families. Beetles are classified, aceording 
to the structure of their tarsi, into the following groups :— 
t.—Pentamera.—All three pairs of legs with five-jointed tarsi. 
The most important families are the Cicindelide, Carabidae, 
Dermestida, LEucanide, Scarabaeidae, Buprestidae, Ela- 
teride, Lampyrida, and Ptinida. 
fl.—Heteromera.—First and second pair of legs with five-jointed 
tarsi. The hind pair of legs with four-jomted tarsi. The 
most important families are the Canthartde and the Tene- 
briontde. 
Hil.—Tetramera.—All three pairs of legs with four-jointed tarsi 
(ie., five-jointed, with penultimate joint rudimentary). 
The most important families are the Bruchide, Curcu- 
lionide, Scolytide and Cerambycida, and Chrysomelida. 
\V.<-Trimera.—All three pairs of legs with three-jointed tarsi (7.e., 
four-jointed, with penultimate joint rudimentary). The 
most important family is the Coccinellida. 
Note,—The students should sketch the different forms of tarsi from specimens, 
Cicindelide (Tiger-beetles),—These are brightly-coloured beetles, with 
long straight antennez, large eyes, and powerful mandibles, which 
are set more or less vertically. They are fierce, active little creatures, 
which devour other insects. The rice sapper (Leptocorisa) is the only 
destructive Indian pest which seems to have been recorded as destroy- 
