26 Elementary Manual of Zoology. 
Scarabeida.—These beetles can be recognised by their peculiar antennz, 
which have the terminal joints expanded into broad flat leaves, the 
basal joint not being enlarged asis the case with the Lucanide, The 
larve are soft curved grubs of very characteristic appearance. The 
family comprises an enormous assortment of insects including all the 
Rosechafers (Cetonini), Cockchafers (Melolonthini), Dung-beetles 
(Coprint) and Goliath-beetles (Dynastini). The cockchafers are 
mostly dull-coloured beetles of rounded outline. Their larvze, which 
are the welleknown white grubs of tea and coffee gardens, do an 
immense amount of damage by feeding upon the roots of plants of 
all kinds, In France they have been reported as one of the greatest 
pests in forest nurseries, and the same is likely to prove to be the 
case in India, though little has yet been recorded upon the subject. 
The beetles also do some damage by feeding on leaves and 
shoots. In Ceylon coffee estates, where cockchafer larvee have been 
specially destructive, digging the insects out by hand is the only 
measure that seems to have proved at all generally practicable. 
With regard to the life history of cockehafers, the female beetle is 
believed to lay her eggs in the ground in the early part of the rainy 
season. From these eggs emerge the curved white larve which make 
their way through the soil and feed upon the roots of plants. In 
Europe they are said to require several seasons to arrive at. their full 
growth, and the same will probably prove to be the case in India. 
When full grown they transform into pupe underground, the beetles 
usually emerging at the close of the hot weather. 
The students should also note the large Goliath-beetle (Oryctes), 
usually known as the “ Rhinoceros-beetle” on account of the pro- 
tuberance like the horn of a miniature rhinoceros which it bears on 
the upper part of the head. This beetle does a good deal of damage 
to palm trees by cutting’ large holes in the developing leaf-shoots. 
Tts larve are to be found in heaps of rotting vegetable matter. The 
collection of these beetles by hand has been found worth doing in 
many cases, while the removal of heaps of rotting vegetable matter 
from the neighbourhood of palm trees is often recommended. Ina 
both Europe and Madagascar the larve of Oryctes beetles have been 
noticed as liable to be parasitised and killed by Hymenoptera of the 
genus Scodza, and the same is likely to prove to be the case with the 
Indian species. The School Museum contains numerous Scarabaide 
in various stages of development for the’ students to examine and 
sketch. 
Buprestide.—These are mostly bright-coloured conspicuous insects of 
considerable size. They may be recognised by’ the straight serrated 
antennz and large vertical head, which is sunk in the prothorax 
