Systematic Course. 83 
gnawing away at the wood inside. The pupa is to be found in the 
burrow near to the exterior. 
The names of the forest trees that have been noticed as attacked 
by Cerambycids beetles in India are too numerous to record in this 
place. They include teak and sal and many other common species. 
Indeed the probabilities are that hardly any timber is exempt. In 
the case of insects which were reported as damaging young teak trees 
in the ‘Kulsi plantation in Assam, the injury could usually be 
detected by a swelling at the spot attacked. The measures adopted 
were to coppice young trees that were affected, old trees being left to 
themselves, as they often recovered. 
A noticeable feature in connection with the species (Xy/otrechus 
guadrupes, Chevr.) which at one time did an enormous amount of injury 
in Southern India by tunnelling into the stems of coffee-bushes, was 
the fact that the eggs required a good deal of sun-light to enable 
them to hatch. This was thought to explain the fact that estates 
which were well shaded escaped serious damage, while unshaded 
areas close by were largely destroyed. 
The species Plocederus obesus, Gahan, which is common in various 
timber trees in Dehra, is remarkable on account of the calcareus 
egg-like cocoon in which the pupal stage is passed, 
Striking instances of the preference which the Cerambycidz have 
for wood ina withering condition are afforded by the Celosterna 
which has been reported as attacking coppice sl saplings in Oudh ; 
also by the species of Sthenias which attacks rose bushes and other 
shrubs in Southern India. Each of these insects first kills a branch 
by cutting a deep. notch around it with its mandibles, It is then 
believed to lay its eggs above the place, thus securiag for its larve 
the condition most favourable for their development. 
The only general preventive measures that can be at all confidently 
recommended at present for keeping down Cerambycide beetles ina 
forest are the removal of dead and dying wood of all kinds, includ- 
ing fallen branches, and the barking of timber as soon as possible 
after it is felled. The School Museum contains very numerous speci- 
mens of Cerambycide beetles and their larve, also wood of all kinds 
tunnelled by them. The students should sketch one or two typical 
beetles and larvee. 
Chrysomelide.—This family of tetramerous beetles comprises a great 
number of little bright-coloured, thick-set, insects. They usually 
have the head partly sunk in the prothorax and differ totally io 
general appearance from the members of the other groups of 
tetramerous beetles which have been noticed in the preceding pages. 
* Both the beetles and their larve feed upon leaves, and several of the 
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