VlII HIEFACE TO THE SIXTEENTH EDITION 



have also pointed out more forcibly than in former 

 editions the capability of growing choice pears and 

 apples on any low cheap walls, and also against walls 

 in kitchen gardens not fully furnished with trees — 

 in short, in all bare spaces so often found between 

 wall trees in old gardens. These methods of culti- 

 vating choice pears and the finer kinds of Atnerican 

 apples are worthy of much more attention than they 

 have hitherto received. 



The method of cultivating plums as vertical single 

 cordons has been practised here for some fev/ years ; 

 it is original, highly worthy of attention, and may be 

 made a profitable venture, not only for the amateur 

 but for the market gardener. 



The management of those charming structures, 

 ground vineries, is in this edition more fully gone into 

 than before ; in short, all the modes of culture hitherto 

 recommended have been revised and made as perfect as 

 practice can make them, for it must be recollected that 

 all the modes of culture here recommended have been 

 well tested, and no foreign practice recommended till 

 found adapted to our wet English climate, the mean 

 temperature of which is just about two degrees too 

 low for the choice kinds of fruits to ripen without 

 assistance. 



Septamher 1870. 



