APPLES AS BUSHES ON THE PARADISE STOCK 81 



every shoot as soon as it has made five or six leaves, 

 leaving from four to five fuU-sized ones. After September 

 no more pruning is necessary until the winter. The 

 final or winter pruning should be done in October at 

 the close of the growth ; if deferred untU November the 

 wood is liable to injury from frost. Some varieties of 

 the apple have their leaves very thickly placed on the 

 shoots ; with them it is better not to count the leaves, 

 but to leave the shoots from three and a half to four 

 inches in length. If the soil be rich and the trees in- 

 clined to grow too vigorously, they may be removed 

 biennially, as recommended for bush pears, by digging 

 a circular trench one foot from the stem of the tree, and 

 then introducing the spade under its roots, heaving it up 

 so as to detach them all from the soil, and then filling in 

 the earth dug from the trench and treading it gently on 

 to the roots. The following sorts are well adapted for 

 this bush culture, but the upright varieties recommended 

 for pyramids form nice compact bushes.' 



Mr. Gladstone .... July, Aug. 



Irish Peach .... August 



Kerry Pippin .... Aug. Sept. 



Devonshire Quarrenden . . September 



• These dwarf bushes are liable to be gnawed by rabbits and ' 

 hares in exposed gardens. The best of all preventives is to paint 

 them with soot and milk, well mixed, or, stiU better, make a fence 

 of galvanised wire netting round the garden in which they are 

 planted. 



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