APPLES AS WALL TEEES 99 



1. To have the trees trained as espaliers to low 

 ■walls as directed for pear trees, the trees to be under 

 summer pinching as given at p. 8. 2. To plant five- 

 branched upright cordons in the spaces so often found 

 between waU trees in old gardens. 3. To plant single 

 vertical cordons against walls between established waU 

 trees. Single vertical cordon apple trees, grafted on 

 the English Paradise stock, and planted against waUs 

 10 or 12 feet high, the trees well managed by sum- 

 mer and winter pruning, become amazingly prolific, 

 and bear the finest of fruit. 4. To train at the foot 

 of a wall the single lateral cordons (fig. 16), or the 

 double lateral cordons (fig. 17); if the space next the 

 wall and under the trees be paved with tUes or slates, 

 the size and quality of the fruit will be unproved. I 

 ought here to mention that double or two-branched 

 lateral cordon trees are to be preferred ; they may be 

 grown at the foot of walls, but not more than 9 inches 

 from them ; the tile-paving is quite necessary, as is also 

 protection in spring from frosts. This is most efiectually 

 done by lean-to barless lights in place of the glass span 

 ridge (fig. 19) divided into two ; these most convenient 

 lean-to lights should be 2 feet 4 inches wide, including 

 the top and bottom bars, and 7 feet long ; two hooks 

 should be fixed to the top bar, and two eyes in the wall, 

 so that the lights are made safe from the efiects of the 

 wind. The lower bar should rest on bricks (they should 

 be two deep), as with ■ ground vineries. These lean-to 

 lights will be found a most useful invention ; they form 



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