102 THE MINIATUEE FRUIT GAEDEN 



Hawthornden, Eibston Pippin, and several others, all 

 more or less inclined to canker. I have a row of Non- 

 pareils and Eibston Pippins planted in the coldest and 

 most unfavourable soil I could find ; yet, owing to their 

 being biennially removed, they are entirely free from 

 canker. 



The vigorous growth of Standard apples, when 

 planted in orchards in the usual way, is well known, 

 and also their tendency to canker after a few years ot 

 luxuriant growth. Pyramids on the crab without occa- 

 sional removal or root-pruning would, in like manner, 

 grow most freely; and, even if subjected to summer 

 pinching, would soon become a mass of entangled, 

 barren, cankered shoots. 



PYEAMIDAL PLUM TEBES 



The plum, if planted in a rich garden soil, rapidly 

 forms a pyramid of large growth — it, in fact, can 

 scarcely be managed by summer pinching. It becomes 

 crowded with young shoots and leaves, and the shorten- 

 ing of its strong horizontal branches at the end of 

 summer is apt to bring on the gum ; it is a tree, how- 

 ever, with most manageable roots, for they are always 

 near the surface. I must, therefore, again recommend 

 summer piaching at the terminal bud, as directed for 

 pears, p. 8, annual or biennial root-pruning, and sur- 

 face dressing, in preference to any other mode of cul- 

 ture. The root-pruning of the plum is performed as 



