APPENDIX 201 



into the apple. It passes by the core, and makes for 

 the stem end, where it bores a hole out of which to 

 throw its excrement ; this done, it turns back again 

 and gets to the core, where it feeds on the pips, and 

 thus causes the apple to fall. After this has happened, 

 the grub leaves the apple and crawls up a neighbouring 

 tree, where, having found a convenient place in the 

 rough bark, &c., it spins a cocoon. It is a whitish, 

 hairy grub, about half an inch long, with a black head, 

 and eight spots on each segment. It remains in the 

 larval state for several weeks, and then changes to a 

 pupa, which passes through the winter. The moth 

 measures about half an inch across the wings, which 

 are grey, with numerous darker transverse lines ; at the 

 bottom corner is a brownish-red spot, with paler mark- 

 ings on it, and edged with coppery. All the fallen 

 apples should be collected at once and destroyed. An 

 artificial resting-place may be made for the grub to 

 change to a pupa, by tying bands of cloth, paper, &c., 

 round the tree trunks, undoing and examining them 

 from time to time. 



The Red Plum Grub is the larva of Gcurpocapsa fune- 

 hrana, an allied species to the last. The grub is pale 

 red, with a black head ; the second segment is yellowish- 

 brown. It goes to work in the same way as the last, 

 •causing the plum to drop prematurely. The same 

 remedies may also be applied to it as to the last. The 

 moth is smaller than the codlin moth, measuring only 

 half an inch across the fore wings. These are grey, 



