YELLOW OR ORANGE CONSPICUOUS 541 



streaks ; wings and tail blackish ; two white wing- bars, tail with 



small white spots at end of lateral feathers. 

 Adult Female in Spring and Summer : Similar to winter male, but 



black streaking of upper parts and sides restricted or obsolete ; crown 



sometimes blackish ; throat often blotched with black. 

 Adult Male in Fall and Winter : Similar to summer male, but black 



obscured ; crown and hind-neck with olive-green edges to feathers ; 



cheek patch with olive-green tips to feathers ; throat lemon-yellow ; 



chest and sides spotted with black. 

 Adult Female in Fall and Winter : Similar to summer female, but upper 



parts, sides, and flanks brownish, with streaks of upper parts 



indistinct. 

 Young Male : Similar to adult winter male, but streaks on crown and 



back obsolete, and yellow of throat paler. 

 Young Female: Similar to adult winter female, but yellow paler and 



markings less distinct. 

 Geographical Distribution : Western North America, chiefly near the 



Pacific coast, north to Alaska ; migrating east to Eocky Mountains. 



and south in winter to Guatemala, 

 Breeding Bange : In the pine forests, from Oregon to Sitka. 

 Breeding Season : June. 

 Nest : Compact, cup-shaped ; made of gray plant fibres ; lined with 



feathers, placed in bushes or trees. 

 Eggs : 3 or 4 ; white, spotted mainly about the larger end with brown 



and lavender. Size 0.64 X 0.53. 



Mr. Grinnell says : " The Townsend Warbler occurs 

 in California as a winter visitant in the Santa Cruz, and 

 sparingly elsewhere west of the Sierra Nevada ; occurs 

 more widely during migration." 



It is one of those tantalizing Warblers who persist in 

 staying in the tops of tall trees, where they dodge in 

 and out among the foliage in a most exasperating way. 

 But, in spite of all difficulties, if the "Warbler mad- 

 ness " has taken possession of you, a day of neck-breaking 

 study will count for nothing as against the possibility of 

 identifying a species unknown to you, and townsendi 

 offers unparalleled opportunities in this line. 



