WILD FLOWERS YELLOW AND ORANGE 
from the axils of the topmost leaves. The seed case 
is strongly ribbed and winged. This plant is found 
from June to August in dry, sandy soils from Nova 
Scotia to Georgia, west to Minnesota and Louisiana. 
During the winter and early spring, the beautiful 
leaf clusters of the Primrose are remarkable for their 
wonderful symmetric arrangement, and as William 
Hamilton Gibson has said, “are a perfect pattern for 
the modeller, the sculptor, decorator, or wood-carver.” 
EARLY, OR GOLDEN MEADOW PARSNIP. 
GOLDEN ALEXANDERS 
Zizia atirea. Parsley Family. 
The flat-topped, yellow-flowered clusters of the 
Early Meadow Parsnip sway just above the grassy 
crests in fields and meadows, along roadside and 
swamp land from April to June. It is one of the 
earliest flowering of the Parsley Family. The hollow, 
juicy, upright stalk, which grows from one to two 
and a half feet in height, is smooth, sparingly 
branched, and is finely grooved. It is often tinged 
with red, and when bruised or broken emits an aro- 
matic fragrance not unlike parsley or fresh varnish. 
The leaves, which are sparingly intervalled, have two, 
or usually three, lance-shaped leaflets with slender, 
tapering tips and sharply toothed margins. They 
are smooth-surfaced and thin-textured. The lower 
leaves have long stems, while these of the upper ones 
are flat and shorter. The tiny flower has five yellow 
petals which are curved toward the prominent stamen, 
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