WHITE AND GREENISH WILD FLOWERS 
and grows from about two to five feet long. The 
short-pointed, narrow, tapering oval leaf is set in a 
whorl of six or eight at short distances along the stalk. 
Their margins and midribs are very rough. The incon- 
spicuous, four-parted, white flowers are set in clusters 
of from one to three on rough stems that spring from 
the angles of the leaves. The juice of this plant is 
used as a remedy for dropsy. It is found from May to 
September in rich, shaded grounds and along the 
seashore, from New Brunswick to Florida, and from 
Ontario to Missouri and Texas. 
STIFF MARSH BEDSTRAW. WILD MADDER 
Galium tinctorium. Madder Family. 
This stiff, erect perennial species grows from six to 
fifteen inches high. The branching stem is nearly 
smooth, and the lance-shaped, dull green leaves are 
mostly in whorls of four. The white flowers are 
borne terminally in twos and threes. The Wild Mad- 
der is found from May to July, in damp, shady places, 
and in wet meadows and swamp lands, from Canada to 
North Carolina and Tennessee, west to Michigan, 
Nebraska and Arizona. The root of the Wild Mad- 
der was used by the Indians for staining their feathers, 
skins and other ornaments red. 
SWEET-SCENTED, OR FRAGRANT BEDSTRAW 
Galium triflsrum. Madder Family. 
This is a perennial species, having its shining, 
broad lance-shaped, bristle-pointed leaves grouped 
298 
