242 ° SPECIES OF CORCHORUS YIELDING JUTE. 
of good Hemp, greater by one third than was ever known to 
be obtained in England. ‘We may easily believe, therefore, 
that this may grow to a great height in the congenial climate 
of Bengal. 
As both these plants seem to yield the fibre called Jute, we 
may describe both, before proceeding to treat of their culture 
or the mode adopted by the natives of India for separating 
their fibre. 
Corchorus olitorius, Pot-herb, or Jew’s Mallow, as seen in the Mediter- 
ranean region, is an herbaceous annual plant, only a foot or two, but in 
India of several feet in height, and erect in habit. The stem is smooth, 
cylindrical, and more or less branched. The leaves are of a lively green 
colour and smooth, alternate, on footstalks, oval or ovo-lanceolate in shape, 
with the margin dentate, and with the two lower dentilures terminated by 
a slender filament. The stipules are simple, awl-shaped, and reddish 
coloured at their base. The peduncles or flower-stalks are one- to two- 
flowered. The flowers are small, having the calyx consisting of five pieces or 
sepals, and the corolla of five yellow petals. Stamens numerous. Torus, or 
nectary cup-shaped, with glands at the base of the petals. Ovary solitary, 
ripening into a long, nearly cylindrical capsule, ten-ribbed, six to eight 
times longer than it is broad, five-celled, and formed of five valves, with five 
terminal points. Seeds numerous, with nearly perfect transverse partitions 
between them. 
This is called Putta in Sanscrit, and Pat in Bengalee; 
flowers in the rainy season, and fructifies in October and 
November. Cloth made of it is called Tat, the fibre Jute. 
Dr. Roxburgh states that there is a reddish variety of this, 
which the natives call Bun Pat, that is, Wild Pat. 
Corchorus capsularis, ov Capsular Corchorus, is also an annual, with a 
straight, smooth, and cylindrical, afterwards branched stem, from four and 
five to eight and ten feet in height. The leaves have long footstalks, and are 
oval, acuminate, thin, and of alight green; serrated at their margins, with the 
two lower serratures terminating in narrow filaments. The flowers are 
small, yellow, and like those of the other species in the number of their 
parts. The capsules are short and globose, wrinkled and muricated, with 
five cells, and composed of five valves ; seeds few in each cell, and without 
transverse partitions. It flowers in the rainy season, and the fruit is ripe in 
September and October. 
This is the Ghi-nalita pat of the Bengalese, and its fibre 
sometimes called Nalta jute. It is called isbund in North- 
West India. It has been called Chinese Hemp (Rami tsjina) 
by the Malays, and its fibre China pat by Roxburgh. The 
kind called Teetah pat is said to be a variety of this species. 
It is cultivated both in Bengal and in China, on account of 
its fibre, which is separated by maceration, and used as cor- 
dage, both for agricultural purposes and for river navigation, as 
