244 VARIETIES OF JUTE, ETC. 
tender: shoots, which are used by the natives—both Hindoos 
and Mussulmans—as an article of food. When wild it shoots 
out many lateral branches, which renders it a difficult matter 
to separate the fibres from the woody parts. In preparing the 
filaments, the plant requires much longer steeping in water 
than Hemp—a fortnight or three weeks being scarcely suffi- 
cient for its proper maceration. (v.p. 248.) He called attention 
to it as asubstitute for Flax, from the length and fineness of its 
fibre. 
The gunny bags, in which sugar and similar commodities 
are brought to this country from India, are made of this 
material, These are now sent to America for packing their 
cotton. Though only made known in the beginning of the cen- 
tury, it is now imported in immense quantities, and used for a 
variety of purposes, as it spins so easily, and being cheap, is 
therefore used for mixing. It used to be employed for mixing 
with Codilla; this is now used for mixing with Jute. 
A description of the cultivation and manufacture of Jute 
was given by Baboo Ram Comul Sen (in ‘Trans. Agri- 
Hortic. Soc.,’ vol. ii, p. 91), where he mentions that the prin- 
cipal places where it is cultivated are Malda, Purnea, Natore, 
Rungpore, and Dacca—where both land and labour are cheap. 
He mentions four kinds—Pat, Tasa, Mestah, and Coshta—but 
without describing them ; and quotes Roxburgh’s descriptions of 
C.. olitorius, C. capsularis, and C. fuscus. 
Other names are given in other districts, as at Jungypore : 
1, Ghore Sun; 2, Paut ; 3, Cooch-murda Paut ; 4, Amleeah 
Paut. The first and fourth may be Crotalaria and Hibiscus, and 
the second and third species of Corchorus. These may also be 
included under the names of Amrah Sun, Chunduna Sun, and 
Putooa Sun. Some Jute sent to the Exhibition of 1851, from 
Rungpore, was distinguished by the names of Suffed (white) 
Hemanty Pat; 2, Lal (red) Hemanty Pat; and 3, Lal Petrie Pat. 
Culture-—The seeds are sown in April or May, when there 
is a sufficient quantity of rain to moisten the ground, which is 
generally low, and harrowed in the same manner as paddy 
(rice) land (in any land that will produce summer rice, which 
requires to be well ploughed and smoothed). The field is 
weeded after the plants are a foot and half high. When it 
has flowered, which happens about July and August (to 14th 
