300 EXPORTS OF HEMP-SUBSTITUTES FROM INDIA. 
attention to the fibrous productions of that Presidency, the ex. 
ports are given as valued at the following sums, in the respective 
years from 1847 to 1852, excluding Coir and Coir rope. The 
year selected in this work, in consequence of the published ac- 
counts of the three Presidencies being complete, is that in 
which the exports were the smallest. 
Hemp. 
1847-48 ; ae - Rs. 19,819 
1848-49 . : 23,242 
1849-50 : . a 23,076 
1850-51 a i 10,577 
1851-52 . 7 i 46,683 
Among the Imports of the three Presidencies, we find Cordage 
and Canvas; but excellent cordage is now made in Calcutta, 
both by Messrs. Thompson and by Messrs. Harton, as evidenced 
by the specimens which both sent to the Exhibition of 1851. 
Some of the canvas also is of excellent quality, as that sent from 
Travancore (v. p. 285). 
Bombay, from its insular situation, requires both its Imports 
(some by sea, others by causeway) and Exports to be noticed. 
Among the Imports we find Canvas, 9367 bolts, from the United 
Kingdom, Calcutta, Malabar,and Canara; Gunny bags, 2,729,407, 
‘from Calcutta, Malabar, Canara, and Concan. The first are 
no doubt made of Jute; but the others, probably, of Sunn. 
Hemp, 57,126 cwt., from Malabar and Canara, Concan, Guzerat, 
Goa, and the Arabian and Persian Gulfs. This probably in- 
cludes both Sunn and Améaree, or Crotalaria and Hibiscus 
fibre. Twine, 9738 ewt., from the United Kingdom, Calcutta, 
and Guzerat; Fishing Nets from the Concan, probably made 
of Conkanee Hemp; and Grass cloth from China. Of these, 
we find among the Re-exports, some Hemp, Canvas, Gunnies, 
and Twine, as well as China.-grass cloth. 
1 Europe Canvas is generally preferred in India, though much dearer, that is, 
Rs. 24 5 6 per bolt of thirty-nine yards each, and country Canvas being only Rs. 16; 
because the former is so much more durable, and therefore cheaper in the end. 
But there is no doubt that some of the Indian Canyas is of much better quality than 
others; and it is desirable to ascertain where the best qualities are made, as well as 
of Twine and of Cordage; for though much depends upon manufacture, something is 
due to the fibre, and not a little to the soil and climate where the plant is grown. 
