340 BREAD-FRUIT TRIBE. 
A bundle of clean Hemp weighs from 56 to 65 poods; ditto outshot, 48 to 
55 poods; ditto half-clean, 40 to 55 ditto. (1 pood=36 Ib. avoirdupois.) 
63 poods are about equal to an English ton; the fixed charges on which 
in Petersburgh amount to 45 roub. 32 cop.; also commission and stamps, 
and on import into London, about £10 5s. 8d., freight included ; when the 
pe is £40 aton. (v. M‘Culloch, from Mr. Borrison on the Commerce of 
etersburgh.) 
With regard to prices, those of Hemp will of course vary at 
different times, like those of all other products. It is usually 
highest in the summer months, and lowest in September. 
In December, 1833, Petersburgh clean Hemp was 25s. to 
26s.; Riga Rein at 29s. per cwt, 
In the year 1840, Italian Hemp was at 50s. the cwt.; Polish 
Rein, 48s.; Petersburgh clean, 47s.; clean for cordage, 46s. ; 
Polish Pass Hemp, 46s. ; Petersburgh half-clean, 42s. 
In the year 1844, the price of Petersburgh Hemp was 38s. 
per cwt., or £38 per ton. 
At the end of 1854, Petersburgh clean, £60 10s. to £63; 
outshot, £59 to £61; half-clean, £57 10s.; Riga Rein, £61 
to £64; do. outshot, £58 to £63. But we cannot do better 
than conclude with an extract from the ‘Commercial Circular’ 
of the Messrs. Lindsay. 
“As regards Hemp, the rates for this article advanced in the early months 
of the year, and obtained their highest point in March, when £75 per ton 
was paid for clean. They then gradually fell to £58 to £60—about its pre- 
sent value—it having become apparent that supplies to a much larger extent 
than were anticipated would be received vid Memel, &c. The future range 
of prices will, of course, necessarily depend on the action of our Govern- 
ment as respects Prussian neutrality. It, however, must not be lost sight of 
that the variety and extent of substitutes in the course of introduction will, 
under any circumstances, for some time to come diminish the consumption of 
Russian Hemp.” 
Breap-Fruit Trise (Artocarpee). 
Though in general appearance no plants seem to differ 
more than the Mulberry and Bread-fruit trees from the Nettles, 
yet if we examine the actual flowers of all these plants, we 
shall find that the resemblances are much greater than the 
differences. Hence Jussieu united them together into the 
natural family of Urticee ; but as some are distinguished by 
their milky juice, and flowers aggregated into heads, these have 
been separated from the others under the name of Artocarpee. 
