342 PAPER MULBERRY TREE. 
and other islands, they make cloth of its bark; and it is said 
that the finest and whitest cloth and mantles worn by the 
principal people at Otaheite and in the Sandwich Islands is 
made of the bark of this tree, and this when dyed red takes a 
good colour. It is called Kaili on the west coast of Celebes. 
Some of the cloth made of its bark was sent to the Exhibition 
of 1851. 
The manufacture of paper from this bark was long since 
accurately described by Keempfer, as seen by him in Japan, 
where they are said to cultivate this plant much as osiers are 
cultivated in Europe; the young shoots being cut down in 
December, after the leaves have fallen. These are then cut 
into good long pieces, and are boiled until the separation of 
the bark displays the naked wood, from which it is then easily 
separable with the aid of a longitudinal incision. 
In order to make paper, the dried bark is soaked for a few 
hours in water, after which the outer cuticle and the internal 
green layer are scraped off. The stronger and firmer pieces 
are separated from the youngest shoots, which are of inferior 
quality. The selected bark is boiled in a ley of wood-ashes till 
the fibres can be separated by a touch of the finger. The pulp 
so produced is then agitated in water till it resembles tufts of 
tow. If not sufficiently washed the paper will be coarse, but 
strong ; if too much boiled it will be weaker, but white. It is 
then beaten on a table, with batons of hard wood, into a pulp. 
Mucilage obtained from boiled rice, or from a plant called oreni, 
is added to the pulp. These three are stirred with a clean reed 
till reduced into a homogeneous liquor, and when of a due con- 
sistence are ready for conversion into sheets of paper. This 
process is interesting, from its resemblance to that adopted with 
the Nepal Paper plant, showing the probable introduction of 
the art from China. 
Specimens of Paper Mulberry cloth, or rather. paper used 
for the purposes of cloth, and made from the bark of the Paper 
Mulberry, as well as paper made from the same bark, were 
sent to the Exhibition of 1851 from Singapore. 
The fibrous properties of the foregoing plant are interesting 
not only on its own account but also because it is allied 
to the Mulberries, a genus (Morus) numerous in species, and 
abounding in individuals, many of which arecultivated on account 
