Xliv INTRODUCTION 



flowers, sometimes monosvmmetric ; sepals 3 — 5 ; petals 3 — 5 ; 

 stamens 4 — 10 ; carpels 3 — 5 ; ovules i or many in each chamber, 

 (p. 22S.) 



Order 38. liiihuicece (The Bedstraw Family). — Herbs with 

 whorled leaves and small polysymmetric flowers ; sepals, petals, 

 and stamens 4 — 6 each ; carpels 2, i-ovuled. (p. 234.) 



Order 39. Valeridnece (The \'alerian Family). — Herbs with 

 opposite leaves and small asymmetric flowers ; sepals 3 — 5, often 

 pappose ; petals 3 — 5 ; stamens i or 3 ; carpels 3 ; ovary i-ovuled. 



(P- 239-) 



ORDiiR 40. — Dipsdcea: (The Teazle Family). — Herbs with 

 opposite leaves and heads of small flowers, each with 4 or 5 petals 

 and 4 free stamens; ovary i-chambered and i-ovuled. (p. 243.) 



Order 41. Composita: (The Composite Family). — Herbs with 

 heads of small flowers with tubular or ligulate corollas and 4 — 5 

 stamens with syngenesious anthers ; style:2-fid ; ovary i-chambered, 

 I-ovuled. (p. 246.) 



§ g Stamens on the ovary (epigynous) 



Order 42. Cauipatiuldcea. (The Bellflower Family). — Herbs 

 with milky juice, scattered leaves, and usually cons[)icuous bluish 

 flowers ; sepals, petals, and stamens 5 each ; carpels 2- 5 ; ovules 

 many; placentation axile (p. 295.) 



Order 43, Vaccinidcea (The 'Cranberry Family). — Under- 

 shrubs with scattered, simple leaves; small, dronping, reddish or 

 pink flowers, and edible berries ; sepals, petals, and carpels 4 — 5 

 each; stamens 8 — 10. (p. 302.) 



Series 2. Hypbi^ynce. — Ovary superior, (pp. 304 — 407.) 



g Stamens free (hypogynous) 



Order 44. Encdcea (The Heath Family).-- Trees, under- 

 shrubs, or herbs with opposite or whorled, evergreen leaves, and 

 small, often conspicuous polysymmetric flowers ; sepals, petals, and 

 carpels 4 — 5 each; stamens 5 — 10. (p, 304.) 



Order 45. MonotroPea (The Bird's-nest Familv). — A fleshy 

 yellowish saprophyte with scattered brown scale-leaves and bell- 

 shaped polysymmetric flowers ; sepals, ^ petals, and carpels 4 — 5 

 each ; petals scarcely cohering ; stamens 8 — 10 ; fruit a capsule ; 

 seeds many. (p. 312.) 



gS Stamens epipetalousi 

 Order 46. Pluml<a::,inea (The Thrift Family).— Herbs, 

 mostly marilirue, with radical leaves apd small flowers ; sepals, 



1 E.vcepl u] aoiiie PlanUglnese and Illecebracca:. 



