INTRODUCTION 



01 four petals placed crosswise, as in the Criiclffrce {vide infra), and 

 the papilionaceous (Latin papilio, a butterfly) characteristic of 

 the Pea and Bean tribe, in which there are five petals, the posterior 

 one — that nearest the stem — called the standard and usually the 

 largest, the two side ones termed wings, and the two lower or 

 anterior ones, often slightl)- united, known as the ked (p. ir3). 



Among gamopetalous corollas the chief polysymraetric forms 

 are — 



Tubular, narrow, as if formed by united erect petals, as in the 

 florets of Thistles or the disk-'lorets of a Daisy. 



Bell-shaped, wider, as in Campanula (p. 299). 



Salver-^hapcd corolla of 

 rrimrose. 



Cruciate corolla ; c, gibbous caljT^. 



Urceolatc, or barrel-shaped, as in Heaths (p. 307). 



Funnel-sliaped, as in the Small Field Convolvulus. 



Tnnnpet-sliaped, with refle.xed margin, as in the Large White 

 Convolvulus. 



Salver-shaped, with long tube and limb at right angles to it, as 

 in the Primrose. 



Rotate, or wheel-shaped, with a short tube, as in Pimpernel, 

 Forget-me-not, and Elder. 



The chief monosymmetric gamopetalous types are the bi-labiale, 

 or two-lipped, and the ligulate, or strap-shaped. The bi-labiate 

 may be either ringent, or gaping, as in the Natural Order Labiatce; 

 or personate ((rova persona, a mask), as in Toad-fla.v. Th^i ligulate^ 

 occurs in all the florets of the sub-order Ligi7lijlora in the Order 

 Composite, as in the Dandelion and Chicory, and in the outer or 

 ray florets of many other Compositiz, such as Ithe Daisy. 



In some cases, such as the Flaxes, the corolla is fugacious, 

 falling oft' directly it is gathered ; and in a few others, as ''n 



