VIOLET FAJIILY 65 



glabrous, radical, rosulate ; jJoioen'/ig'-hrdiniics axillary ; flowers 

 scentless ; se/a/s acute ; auricles minute ; petals oblong, narrow, 

 lilac, lower with fewer parallel, nearlj' simple? veins at its base ; 

 spur blunt, compressed, not furrowed, usually darker than the 

 petal. — Common in copses and hedgerows. — Fl. April, May. 

 Perennial. 



6. ;". Rivinidita (Dark ^\'ood A'iolet). — Sleiii distinct, without 

 rhizome or runners ; leaves broadly heart-shaped, nearly glabrous, 

 radical, rosulate ; flowering-hranehes axillary ; flenvers scentless ; 

 sepals acute ; aiirieles prominent, notched ; petals broadly obovate, 

 blue, l(jwer with many branched dark veins at its base; spur 

 lilunt, thick, furrowed, usually yellowish-white. — More generally 

 distributed than the last, to which it is closely allied. — Fl. April, 

 May. Perennial. 



7. /' rupestris (Plill Violet). — A small compact [)lant, with 

 large floivers differing from the last mainly in the downiness of 

 the young leaves, floiver-stalks, and eapsules ' is very rare, occur- 

 ring in upland pastures in Teesdale. — P1. May, June. Eiennial. 



8. J', caiiina (Dog Violet). — Pruuary and lateral stems length- 

 ening and flowering, but without runners ; leaves ovate-cordate, 

 acute : floioers bluish-purple, scentless ; sepals acute ; spur obtuse, 

 vellow, longer than the auricles of the sepals. — Heaths and 

 sandy places ; common. I'he popular napie of this species 

 implies a reproach for its want of perlume. — Fl. Ajiril, jMay. 

 Perennial. 



9. V. stdgui/ia. — Rhizome slender, with runners; pnmary and 

 lateral steins flowering and elongating ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 

 subcordate ; peticles winged at the top ; stipules hnear-lanceolate, 

 serrate ; petals pale lilac, or white ; spur very short, blunt. — 

 "Furfbogs ; rare. — Fl. iMay, June. Perennial. 



** Stipules leafy, pi/i/iatifid. JVo elelslogene p/eivers 



10. ]'. tricolor (Pansy Heartsease). — Stem ascending, angular, 

 branched; leaves long-stalked, ovate-oblong, crenate ; stipules 

 large, lyrately pinnatifid ; Iracts minute, high up on the peduncle ; 

 petals spreading, unequal, pale vellow or purple, longer than the 

 sepals. — Cultivated fields, common. The cultivated varieties 

 are countless. — Fl. May — September. Annual. 



11. V. ari'ensis (Field Pansy). — An allied a,nd almost equally 

 common form, differs chiefly in having erect, yellow or white 

 petals, which are not longer than the sepals. Annual. 



\2. !'. Curtisii, a rarer form, has a branched rhi-.ome with 

 runners, r\-\s petals rather longer than the sepals, the upper purple, 



