252 C0MP0SIT.1! 



Sub-Order II. LigvJI Ihinr.. — Fluri-h all ligulate : juice milky 



Tnhe 8. Culiordcecr. — Leaves scaiiereil : florets lignlale, ^-loollied 



^5. CiCHriRiUM, — Iiivolnere of 2 rows, inner of 8 scales, ruflexed 

 after flowering; outer of 5 smaller loose scnles ; pappus a double 

 row of small chaffy scales. 



36. Arnoskris. — Braels about 12 in =1 row, converging after 

 flowering ; receptacle Hat, naked, pitted ;: pappus reduced to a 

 ring. 



37. Lap.sana. — Heads S — 12-flowered ; -/'raf/i in i row, erect: 

 receptacle flat, naked ; pappus absent. 



38. PfcRLS. — Brads ui two rows, the outer smaller and narrow, 

 the inner equal; receptacle flat, naked ;^ fruit slightly beaked; 

 pappus in 2 rows of feathery hairs. 



39. Helmintia. — A\'ith 3 — 5 leafy bracts below tlie flower-heads ; 

 the outer bracts of involucre subulate ; fruit with a slender beak 

 longer than itself; pappus in several rows; of feathery hairs. 



40. Cri':pis. — Bracts in 2 rows, outer shorter ; receptacle flat, 

 pitted; fruit tapering or beaked; pa ppus^ of many rows of simple 

 hairs. 



41. HiER.'Iciuii. — Brads many, imbricate, oblong; receptacle 

 tiearly flat, pitted ; fi'uit not beaked ; pappus of r row of stiff, 

 brittle, unequal, brownish hairs. 



42. Hyfticireris. Bracts many, imbricate, olMong ; receptacle 

 flat, scaly ; fruit rough, often beaked : pappus feathery, often with 

 an outer row of short Ijristles. 



43. Thk iNCi A. — Bracts in on(; row, with a, few additional; 

 receptacle iiaX, n'iktd ; fruits shortly beaked, the outer row envel- 

 oped in the bracts, sc:arcely beaked and with a short crown-like 

 pappus: pappus of the other fruits in two rows, the outer 

 bristly, deciduous, the inner feathery. 



44. Le(.')NTODON. — Bracts in 2 -3 rows, thrC outer smaller; 

 receptacle flat, naked ; fruit shortly beaked" ; pappus of 1 or 2 rows 

 of hairs, the inner feathery. 



45. Tak.axactm. — Bracts m 2 rows, inner erect, outer often 

 recurved ; receptacle flat, naked, ])ilted ; fruit rough, with a long 

 slender beak ; pappus of white, silky, simple hairs. 



46. LAcri'aw. Bracts imhrieale, outer shorter ; receptacle flat, 

 naked ; fruit flattened, generally with a long slender beak : pappus 

 of manv simple hairs. 



47. MuLOKDi UM. — Bracts much as in f.acli'tca : flirirers bine: 

 fruit 4-angled, not beaki'd but narrowed above and enduig in a 

 ciliate disk; outer hairs o( pappus rigid, t=urning brown, biitlle. 



