2 '6 CO.AIPIXSIT.T. 



of animals, so that they are conveyed to a distance. — Fl. July, 

 August. Biennial. 



2. A. iieiuorosum (Wood Burdock). — A smaller species; leaves 

 coarsely crenate ; pelinles hollow ; heads smaller, sub-sessile, ovate, 

 in a raceme, usually 3 together on a branch ; heads webbed. — 

 Local. — Fl. Jul)', August. PSiennial. 



3. A. jiiinus (Leaser Burdock). — A still smaller form, with 

 coarsely-toothed, radical leaves; hollow petioles; and shortly- 

 stalked, globular heads, not e.xceeding | in. across, sub-racemose ; 

 involucre green, slightly webbed. — Waste places ; the commonest 

 form. — Fl. July, August. Biennial. 



4. A. piibeus (Intermediate Burdock) ^-A form of intermediate 

 si/c, about 3 feet high, with crenate railical leaves, a slender tube 

 in the petioles, and slightly-stalked, sub-racemose, hemispherical 

 heads, twice as large as those of A. iniuus, with [jurplish and 

 usually much webbed involucres. — Waste places ; not uncommon. 

 — Fl. July, August. Biennial. 



29. C.\r:>uus (Thistle). — Erect herbs ; leaves spinous-toothcd, 

 decurrent, forming very spinous wings to the stem : imwlucre 

 globose, of many, imbricate, spinous bracts: receptacle deeply 

 pitted, scaly ; florets all tubular ; filaments free, hairy ; frml com- 

 pressed ; pappus m many rows of long, equal, shining, white 

 hairs. (Name, the Latin name of the group.) 



1. C. pvctuiccplialus (Slender-flowered Thistle). — Stems 2 — 4 

 feet high, slightly-branched, hoary, with broad, continuous, 

 deeply-lobed, spinous wings ; leaves cottony beneath ; heads many, 

 clustered, cylindrical, small ; bracts glabrous, subuLate, very long, 

 erect ; florets pink. Sandy waste places, especially near the sea ; 

 frequent. — Fl. June — August, l^iennial. 



2. C. nutans (Musk Thistle). — Avery handsome plant, about 

 2 feet high, with a furrowed, cottony stem, interruptedly winged ; 

 leaves decply-lobed, spinous, woolly on the veins beneath ; heads 

 large, solitary, drooping ; bracts lanceolate, spinous-pointed, 

 cottony, the outer ones refiexed ; floret'i crimson. — ^Vaste places, 

 especially on chalk downs : fre(]uent. The flowers ba\e a power- 

 ful musk)' odour. Fl. May — October. Biennial. 



3. C. erispus (Welted Thistle). — A branched, xery spinous 

 plant, 3 — 4 feet high ; stem continuouslv winged ; iieads small, 

 erect, clustered, roundi.sh ; liracts hnear, erect, or spreading, 

 webbed, slender ; florets deep purple, or sometimes white. — Fl. 

 June — August. Annual or Biennial. 



4. C. lanceoldlus (Spear Plume-Thistle). — Stem 2 — 5 feet high, 

 winged by the decurrent spinous leaves ; leaves pinnatihd, with 



