WILLOW FAMILY 453 



a wild state of numerous hybrids. Only the leading types are 

 here described. 



* Leaves convolute ; calkins produced with the leaves ; filaments 

 free, hairy below; deciduous peduncle bearing leaves; capsule 

 smooth. (Including the larger trees in the genus.) 



1. 6'. pentdndra (Bay-leaved Willow). — A sjirub or tree, 6 — 20 

 feet high, with dark brown bark; handsome and fragrant, broad, 

 ovate, polished leaves, paler beneath ; stamens 5 ; stigma 2-fid. — 

 Ixiver-sides in the north ; frequent. The latest flowering Willow. 

 - Fl. May, June. Perennial. 



2. S. tridndra (Almond-leaved, French or Brown Norfolk \\\\- 

 low). — Naturally a tree 20 — 30 feet high, but cut down and treated 

 as an osier ; bark flaking ; leaves oblong-lanceolale, 2 — 4 in. long, 

 serrate, glabrous, paler beneath, with large stipules ; stamens -5. 

 — I-liver-banks and osier-beds ; fre([uent. — Fl. April, May. Pe- 

 rennial. 



3. S. frdgilis (Crack Willow, Withy). — Growing into a large tree 

 with ascending, easily detached branches, but. often treated as an 

 osier; very smooth, highly polished, yellow, orange, or crimson 

 bark; elliptic-lanceolate, serrate, glabrous leaves, 3 — 6 in. long, 

 pale beneath, hairy beneath, with semicordate stipules ; stamens 

 2 ; stigma 2-fid ; capsule stalked. — Osier-beds ; common. — Fl. 

 April, Ma\-. Perennial. 



4. S. alba (White or Huntingdon \\'illow, White Tree),^ — A large 

 tree, but often pollarded, with furrowed bark; olive-green, silky, 

 not easily detached twigs ; lanceolate, acuminate leaves 2 — 4 in. 

 long, silky on both surfaces, with small, ovate stipules ; stamens 2 ; 

 stigma 2-t:d, recurved ; capsule nearly sessile. The Golden Wil- 

 low {S. vilellina) is a form with bright yellow twigs, and the 

 variety cmrtilea, the Cricket-bat Willow, is apparently a hybrid 

 between 5. alba and 5. frdgilis. — Wet places ; common, but often 

 planted. — Fl. April, May. Perennial. 



** Shrubs and small trees, mostly known as Sallows or Osiers; 

 catkins sessile when in flower ; bracts on peduncle small or absent ; 

 catkin-scales discoloured at the tip ; stamens 2 ; capsule silky. 



5. S. purpurea (Purple Osier, Bitter Willow) —A shrub with 

 slender, tough twigs ; dark red or purple bark ; catkins appearing 

 before the leaves, with purple-black hairy scales ; leaves folded 

 equitantly in bud, lanceolate, serrate, glabrous ; stamens 2, united ; 

 anthers purple, becoming black. — River-banks and marshes ; 

 frequent. — Fl. April, May. Perennial. 



6. S. vimindlis (Common Osier). — A shrub or small tree, with 



