: vst EWTEEE PINGCIN vi 
ore the ES FL 8 ee I uber feet amd <0 | feit, faamg their 
efforts : os bal and fipeers <= - -estv. amd the --> ke of an Ex pen 
ne na nee ferry co: the band a om the 221. kaves a beuse whet wil! 
Penguins Witz. = 
ee ie posite they 2 te akecs on the we at the rate 
When pressed te Srsre- — ) e ae 9 te Ti rate ss, af were mach 
of about = or 10 miles aB =.= ei = i P ‘ Satie siewis-thas at 
exceeded in the water. where their speed and 3earis power ~ vn t te 
fishes, seals, and 53-5. bi eal sia eg ieee = ek ete peremanae 
from the water and land ugez=1 0m a shel: of ee a: ims fear fee: above the surface 
Their only enemies, => far => > known. > als -mhahatants of the water: ail their 
‘jess of fear are connected chiefir with cast element. .< in the ave 7 (ce. Penguins 
We once found mscc-i skim of an Emperor Penguin in the stemach of a 
Pefoot Sea Leopard (Sc che leptomyz\, and ~~ «2! ha~ teen known te take 
Adéie Penguins (Pygosceis - 2 im :he water .- they were thrown 1 it from 
the ship There *: cherefore «doubt ubar the ~ . Leopard is one tothe 
Emperor's active fs. Probably none < tie other seals would attempt to 1..1--1 
it: but the Killer Whale (Orea gladiater), whose fied :- «al and dolphin, would 
almost certainly take Emperor Penrzic- if they came im it~ way. Trix however we 
did not see ; nor did we anywhere .».m- across another dead Emperor Penvuin. except 
onone occasion, when the mangled skin of an adult bird turned almest inside out Sated 
past our ship as we entered McMurdo S.und. Probably it was the remains of a binl 
which had died and had formed a fast for ~-u.- sxus (Mea. str - maccormick) or 
Giant Petrel ( Ossifraga gugantea). Neither of these birds, however, should be 
omadered the natural enemy of the Emperor I’enzuin. for 1 do not believe that 
this Petrel attacks things living. as a rule; nor a. the Ss.. any Opportunity to 
attack the Emperor Penguin's chickens, since a° the ume =: their Infiatiev, In the 
winter and early -priz.g. they are many hundreds «f miles to the south of the region 
then infested by the Skuas 
The Emperor Penguin sleepe either standing in the uprivht position with it~ head 
tamed back over the shoulder =) that the tip of the beak re-t- under the hack «1 the 
ea 14, p 22), or else in the prone position with the head drawn in upen the 
a Ree ape by the chick are seen to be shizhtly different (figs 19, "0, 
Skelton (do Saal eal a seen in the photograph taken by Lieutenant-Engineer 
Si lalate aca et er the former posture is 8 relic vf days gone by, when the 
is suppestive to ape si coe and a capable: of flight, it is not easy to say ; but it 
it had thick © Up an attitude which would have heen comfortable when 
It may be that the position is 
position is certain] , 1s i | ‘F. The one 
: mi ‘ : . 2 | ‘ 
Y More reasonable with a view to ecopomisiny body-heat, Bors 
