THE ROYAL PENGUIN. 61 
golden-yellow superciliary plumes. Secondly, there were a considerable number of 
yearling birds, with dark grey chins and throats and short golden plumes. Besides 
these were to be found a certain number with slight traces of grey persisting upon 
the throat, birds which, judging from the length of their plumes, were at least two 
years old, if the grey-throated birds were correctly considered yearlings. 
Fig. 1 of Plate XI. gives the features of the head of the yearlings, Fig. 2 the head 
of an adult male. It is interesting to note that the lemon-yellow tinge, which is seen 
on the white feathers at the base of the mandible in Fig. 2, has its exact counterpart 
in the same position in Megadyptes antipodum, which has been figured on the same 
plate for the sake of comparison (Fig. 3, Plate XI.). 
Further, it is significant to note that this is the region in which the King Penguin 
developes the same greenish gloss that is to be seen upon the crown and superciliary 
regions. This greenish gloss on the crown I have shown (see pp. 35 and 36), in the case of 
the King Penguin, to be the earliest indication of the orange-yellow pigmentation, which 
eventually colours the superciliary crowns and crests of Megadyptes and Catarrhactes. 
That it should be apparent not only on the crown of the King Penguin, but also 
on its chin and upper throat, is obviously an indication of a tendency to produce the 
yellow pigment there, and consequently it is to be found quite conspicuously developed 
in Megadyptes, and to some extent also in Catarrhactes schlegeli, suggesting that the 
affinities between Aptenodytes and the two genera just named are more close than 
might otherwise have been expected. 
For we have, thus, not only in the crown and superciliary region, but also in the 
throat, a development of a very characteristic pigmentation from <Aptenodytes forsteri 
through A. patagonica to Megadyptes, and so to Catarrhactes schlegeli. There appears 
to be no similar tendency in the other members of Catarrhactes, and certainly in 
Pygoscelis one would not expect it, as it is only just making its appearance in 
Aptenodytes. 
The fully developed plumes of Catarrhactes schlegeli present a very grotesque 
appearance as they stand out on both sides of the head and frame the fierce-looking 
blood-red eyes and the large red bill. The birds looked like harpies cowering over 
their nests on our approach, swearing and growling in concert with the harsh and 
angry cries of their neighbours in a way which was almost deafening. 
While engaged in incubating its egg the bird squats in the same manner as the 
Adélie Penguin, right down upon its breast. There is no effort to hold the egg 
between the legs, and in no case was the egg lifted when we raised the bird from its 
nest. Yet the production of a single egg may be considered the first step towards 
what one may call the hyperpodial method of incubation employed by the King and 
Emperor Penguins, which although more primitive than Catarrhactes in some respects, 
must be considered more highly specialised in this particular direction. 
I have elsewhere mentioned that we found the skin of an albino Royal Penguin 
in one of the huts on shore, with a large collection of other bird skins prepared and 
