POLYPIDES OF CEPHALODISCUS NIGRESCENS. 25 
The pigmentation * of the skin is deep over the visceral mass (figs. 7 and 8), 
less deep over the gonads and along the ventral surface of the stolon, which 
touches the interior of the tube, and over the part of the surface of the body 
between the buccal shield and the stolon. The axes of the plumes have a double 
black band running along them, the two bands converging towards the tip, which 
is entirely black. There is a black edge to the buccal shield. Near the posterior f 
edge of the buccal shield is a curved line of brilliant red, and a similar red 
pigment is seen in the oviducts. 
The blackish colour of the body is due to a superficial layer of large cells, 
which are brown in colour when mounted in glycerine and examined under the 
microscope (see fig. 9, plate 3); they do not stain with haematoxylin or borax-carmine 
solution, they seem to have no nuclei, and they contain each one small spherical 
pigment granule, sometimes two. In very thin sections each cell appears to be 
composed of thirty or forty closely packed polyhedral grains of a dark straw or a 
raw sienna colour. This is the appearance presented in sections or teased preparations 
made from the material fixed in formalin, or in Perenyi’s fluid. In that fixed in 
picric acid solution the pigment cells are considerably swollen and are not brown 
in colour, but each cell shows its one or two small black spheres, as in the 
other material. Pigmented cells similar to those of the epidermis occur in 
the wall of the pharynx and in the pleurochords, either as solitary cells or in 
small groups. 
At intervals in the sections of the pigmented epithelium are seen masses which 
stain deeply, each about as large as one of the pigmented cells. In carmine- 
stained sections these are uniform in tint, but in those stained with haematoxylin 
they appear finely granular. They are presumably the secreting cells of the 
epidermis. They show no nuclei, and there is no distinction between the cytoplasm 
and the deeply-staining mass, which latter I take to be the secreted material not 
yet emitted. These cells occur in all parts of the superficial layer, over the body, 
* The species now under consideration was termed C. nigrescens (15) before the publication of the ‘ Siboga’ 
Report on the Pterobranchia. In that Report Harmer notes that the epidermis of all parts of the body of 
C. stbogae is pigmented (10, pp. 8 and 49). He also states that a median line of pigment occurs on the anterior 
side of the stolon of C. gracilis (p. 52), and that deserted stolons of individuals of this species are deeply 
pigmented (p. 93). 
¢ The usual orientation of the body is accepted in this communication; the plumed end of the body is 
regarded as the anterior end, and the surface of the body upon which the mouth opens, and from which the 
stolon arises, as the ventral surface. Harmer, in his most recent work on the subject (10, p. 23), adopts a new 
orientation, taking the main axis of the body as passing from the middle of the buccal shield through the central 
nerve mass, and ending on the rectal side of the body a little below the anus, so that the visceral mass is regarded 
as a ventral downgrowth. He denies that in the bud the elongating caecal end of the intestine leaves its position 
in the part of the “body” near the stalk and migrates along the aboral surface of the pharynx, subsequently 
opening to the exterior in the position in which the anus is found in the adult, and suggests (10, p. 100, par. 3) a 
lateral pinching-in which separates a dorsal intestine from a ventral stomach, with formation of a median 
mesentery between. One objection to the acceptance of Harmer’s orientation is that in the adults of C. nigrescens 
the notochord is a long structure lying parallel with the thick face of the shield, and more or less in a line with 
the pharyngeal axis (text-fig. 10, p. 34), and it is not unreasonable to regard this as determining the median axis 
of the polypide. For practical purposes the earlier terminology is preferable. 
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