10 PTEROPODID.E. 



E. macrocephalus may be at once distinguislied by the very long 

 and narrow muzzle, nearly half the length of the whole head, and 

 by the peculiar form of the fifth palate-ridge. 



a-cl. (J ad. sks. Gambia. 



e, f. (S & 2 'id., al. West Africa. Mr. Argent's collection. 



ff. J ad., al. West Africa. 



3. Epomophorus gambianus. 



Pteropus gambianus, Ocjilbtj, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 100. 

 ? Pteropus wahlbergii, 'SmdevuU, Of v. Vet. Akad. Stockh. 1846, p. 118. 

 Epomophorus crypturus, Peters, Reise nach Mossambique, Sdugeth. 

 p. 26, pi. V. & pi. xiii. tigs. 1-6. 



Head very long, nearly as long as in E. macrocephalus, but 

 broader, and the length of the muzzle is comparatively less. Lips 

 very pendulous, with remarkably large cheek-pouches in adult 

 males (Plate II. fig. 3). Ears oval, neaily as long as the muzzle 

 (in the S) ; outer and inner margin of the ear-conch almost equally 

 convex. Kostrils simple, their inner margins projecting slightly in 

 front, separated by a deep emargination, which also divides the 

 upper lip in front. 



Shoulder-glands large, well developed in adult males, rudimentary 

 in females and in young males. 



Wing-membrane, interfemoral membrane, and tail as in E. niacro- 

 cepludus. 



Above yellowish brown, paler beneath ; the abdomen in adult males 

 with greyish oval patch. 



Fur of the back moderately long and dense, covering the short 

 interfemoral membrane behind and the wing-membrane along the 

 sides of the body, extending also thickly upon the fleshy part of the 

 forearms, and upon the legs to the backs of the feet. 



Roof of the mouth much vaulted, as in E. macrocep)}ial'us, but 

 wider. Palate-ridges six, straight, very prominent : the first is 

 placed slightly behind the canines, and has a slightly triangular 

 projection in the centre of its posterior margin ; the second and 

 third ridges are simple, undivided, and close together, the furrow 

 between them corresponds to a line drawn between the first pre- 

 molars ; the fourth is opposite the first molar, and is half divided by 

 a smaU incision in the centre ; the fifth corresponds to the second or 

 last molars, and is divided by a narrow incision in the centre into 

 two half-ridges ; the sixth is behind the tooth-row at a considerable 

 distance, and is similarly divided (Plate II. fig. 3 a). 



The muzzle is much shorter in females, which are also (as in E. 

 macrocepTialus) slightly smaller than the males in most measure- 

 ments. In the following Table of comparative measurements, the 

 sizes of an adidt male and female are contrasted : — 



