50 PTEROPODID^. 



and nape of neck more or less bright bay ; back black, with several 

 greyish shining hairs. The colour of the fur of the head, nape of 

 neck, and shoulders varies from reddish brown to bright reddish 

 yellow, in some female specimens even dark reddish brown, as in 

 the type of Pt. pluto, Temminck, where the fur of the head and 

 body generally is deep black. 



A specimen of an apparently adult female (with much-worn 

 teeth), from the Andaman Islands, given to the writer by Mr. Erancis 

 Day (with forearm only 6"-5 long), has the fur very short through- 

 out, and the wings, interfemoral membrane, and extremities almost 

 devoid of hair ; the head, under surface of the lower jaw, and throat 

 very dark reddish brown, with some intermixed greyish or shining 

 hairs ; the back of the head, nape of neck, and shoulders reddish 

 yellow, the breast and abdomen reddish brown ; upper and lower 

 incisors slender, cylindrical. 



Skull with very prominent sagittal and occipital crests in old 

 individuals, in which, also, the ligamentous tissue connecting the 

 extremity of the long postorbital process with the corresponding 

 process from the zygomatic arch often becomes cartilaginous, so that 

 the orbit appears on a superficial examination to be completely 

 surrounded by bone ; upper incisors close together, nearly equal 

 in size ; lower incisors occupying the space between the canines, 

 the central pair not separated, scarcely more than half the size of 

 the outer incisors ; first upper premolar very small, deciduous ; the 

 second premolar widely separated from the canine ; premolars and 

 molars, in both jaws, much longer than broad, without basal pro- 

 jections, their inner cusps feebly developed, quite disappearing in 

 full-grown individuals ; last upper molar larger than the first lower 

 premolar, which stands in the centre of the space between the 

 canine and second premolar, and which, again, is larger than the 

 last lower molar. 



(For measurements see Table, p. 55.) 



Hah. Indo-Malayan Subregion, extending also into some of the 

 islands of the northern part of the Austro-Malayan Subregion. 

 (Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippine 

 Islands (Samar Island), Banda, Ternate, Timor.) 



This is the largest known species of the genus, and therefore the 

 largest known species of the order; the forearm of full-grown in- 

 dividuals exceeds that of the next largest species (Pi. melanopogon, 

 Pt. jubatus, and Pt. niedius) by at least 1 inch ; the fully extended 

 wings measure quite 5 feet across. SkuUs of immature animals of 

 Pt. eduUs, with undeveloped sagittal crest, are larger than those of 

 old individuals of Pt. medius, which they closely resemble in other 

 respects. Young specimens of this species may generally be easily 

 distinguished by the much greater depth of the interfemoral mem- 

 brane in the centre than in any other species with similarly long 

 and pointed ears. 

 a. 5 ad. sk. Java. 



b-e. (S & 2 juv., al. Isles ofKallam, Straits of Secretary of State for 

 Malacca. India [P.]. 



