BHINOLOPHID^. 99 



Suborder II. MICROCHIROPTERA. 



Family RHINOLOPHID^. 



EhinolopHdse, Gray (in part), P. Z. S. 1866, p. 81 ; Dobsoti, Ann. 

 Sr Mag. Nat. Hist. 1875, xvi. p. 346 ; Monogr. Asiat. Chiropt. p. 36 

 (1876). 



Bats with weU-developed foliaceous cutaneous appendages sur- 

 rounding the nasal apertures, which are situated in a depression on 

 the upper surface of the muzzle ; with large, generally separated 

 ears, without a tragus ; with two phalanges in the middle finger, 

 and an imperfect index finger without a phalanx ; and with rudi- 

 mentary premaxillary bones suspended from the nasal cartilages. 

 The dental formula never exceeds 



Inc. \, c. j^, pm. 1^, m. ?=?, =32 teeth. 



The number of premolars varies from ^ to ^ or ^. The upper 

 incisors are quite rudimentary, placed at the extremities of the 

 slender premaxUlary bones in the centre of the space between 

 the canines, and separated by an interval; the first upper, pre- 

 molar is minute ; the molars are well developed, with acute W- 

 shaped cusps. 



The very complicated nasal appendages consist of three parts, the 

 homologies of which may generally be easily traced throughout the 

 different genera and species : — (1) the horizontal nose-leaf, generally 

 horseshoe-shaped, which more or less covers the sides and anterior 

 extremity of the muzzle, and includes within its inner margin the 

 nasal apertures, between or behind which a central process or ridge 

 (2), the central nose-leaf or sella, is placed ; while more posteriorly 

 (3) the terminal or posterior nose-leaf arises vertically, or extends 

 backwards between the ears. 



The skull is large ; and the nasal bones, which support the large 

 nasal cutaneous appendages, are much expanded vertically and late- 

 rally. Tibia long and straight ; fibula rudimentary. Females with 

 two nipple-shaped appendages slightly in front of the pubis. Tail 

 distinct, produced to the posterior margin of the iaterfemoral mem- 

 brane. 



These Bats are readily distinguished by the form of their nasal 

 appendages, and by their rudimentary premaxillary bones support- 

 ing two minute, usually bUobed incisors ; their molars are acutely 

 tubercular, and enable them to crush with ease the hard cases of 



h2 



