6. TESPEEtJOO. 227 



eyes, and the extremity of the muzzle generally are almost naked. 

 Laterally, the fur of the bodj' covers only the proximal third of the 

 humerus and half the femur, and its extent upon the -wing-mem- 

 brane is limited to a narrow portion along the sides of the body ; 

 beneath, the humerus and femur are similarly covered, but a wider 

 portion of wing-membrane is occupied, the fur extending as far as 

 a line drawn from the elbow to the knee-joint. The upper surface 

 of the interfemoral is covered as far as the end of the third caudal 

 vertebra ; beneath, the fur of the abdomen covers the root of the 

 tail only, the remaining portion is clothed with very short thinly 

 spread hair. 



Above, dark brown, the hair tipped with light yellowish brown, 

 on the head, face, and neck wholly yellowish brown ; beneath, soot- 

 brown, the extremities of the hairs much paler than upon the upper 

 surface. 



Tipper inner incisors long and bifid, the external cusp placed 

 slightly posteriorly ; the outer incisor on each side slightly exceeding 

 the outer cusp of the inner incisor in length. Lower incisors not 

 crowded. The second upper premolar separated by a slight interval 

 from the canine, through which the summit of the small first pre- 

 molar may be seen. 



Length (of an adult 2 preserved in alcohol), head and body l"-8, 

 tail l"-5, head 0"-65, ear 0"-5, tragus 0"-23, forearm l"-35, thumb 

 0"-25, third finger 2"-45, fifth finger l"-75, tibia 0"-5, foot 0"-3. 



Hah. Apparently generally distributed throughout the Oriental 

 Region, extending from India through Burma and China to Southern 

 Japan and the islands of the Malay Archipelago, also to the 

 northern part of the Australian Ecgion (Celebes, New Guinea, 

 Iforth Australia). Pound during the summer months in the Palse- 

 arctic Region throughout Middle Europe {Blasius) from the Rhine to 

 Southern Russia, and from Northern Germany to the Mediterranean, 

 even extending into Sweden (Nilsson). 



This species was long known as Vespei-ugo imhricatus ; but the 

 type of that species is (as I have satisfied myself by direct com- 

 parison of the type specimen in the Museum of the East India 

 Company) an example of the same species described by Temminck 

 under the name of V. macrotis, which consequently becomes a 

 sj-nonym of F. imhricatus. From Blasius's descriptions and figures 

 of V.'naihusii, I have no hesitation in referring it to this species, 

 which evidently migrates northward during the summer months, as 

 it has never been taken in Europe in winter. 



V. ahranms is probably the most common species of Bat m the 

 Oriental Region, where it takes the place of our Pipistrelle (F. 

 pipistrellus). From that species it is easily distinguished by the 

 absence of the deep emargination in the upper half of the outer side 

 of the ear, by the relative lengths of the upper incisors, by its 

 somewhat larger size, and by the extraordinary length of the penis, 

 which in proportion to the size of the animal, is much greater than 

 in any other species of Bat. This appears to be mainly due to the 

 great development of the prepuce. 



