48-i I'HTLIOSTOMID^. 



11. PHTLLOSTOMA. 



Phyllostoma, Geoffroy, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1805, p. 514. 



Muzzle much shorter than in Vampyrus ; horizontal portion of the 

 nose-leaf well developed, free in front and on the sides, vertical part 

 lanceolate ; ears moderate, separate ; lower lip with a V-shaped 

 groove in front margined with warts ; first phalanx of the middle 

 finger not ojie third the length of the metacarpal bone, and much 

 shorter than the second phalanx ; wing-membrane extending to the 

 feet ; interfemoral membrane large, extending far beyond the short 

 tail, which appears upon its upper surface. 



Dentition. Inc. ^, c. i^, pm. ^, m. |9|. 



The first upper premolar well developed. Skull broader at the 

 anterior extremities of the nasal bones than between the temporal 

 fossae. 



Range. Brazilian Subregion ; Peru. 



This genus, next to Vampyrus, includes the largest species of the 

 family. All the species known have a gular glandular sac, well de- 

 veloped in males, rudimentary in females, in the inferior surface of 

 the neck, opening directly in front of the sternum. 



Synopsis of the Species. 



a. Calcaneum longer than the foot. 



a'. Nose-leaf shorter than the foot ; forearm 



3"'2 1. Ph.. hastatum, p. 484. 



v. Nose-leaf longer than the foot ; forearm 



2"-55 3. Ph. elongatum, p. 487. 



h. Calcaneum shorter than the foot. 

 c'. Nose-leaf as long as the foot; forearm 



2"-3 2. Ph: discolor, p. 487. 



1. Phyllostoma hastatum. 



Vespertilio hastatum, PaMas, Spicikg. Zooloy. iii. p. 7 (1767) ; Schreh. 



Saugeth. i. p. 161, pi. xlvi. B (1775) ; Gmelin, Idnn. Sust. Nat. ed. 



xiii. p. 47 (1788). 

 Phyllostoma hastatum, Geoffroy, Ann. du Museum, xv. p. 177, pi. 1 1 



(head and skuU) (1810) ; Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Brasil. ii^p. 179 



(1836) ; Tschudi, Fauna Peruana, p. 62 (1844-46) ; Burmeister, 



TMere Bi-asiliens, p. 42 (1854) ; Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Saugeth. i. 



p. 397 (1844), V. p. 624 (1856) ; Gervais, Exped. du Comte de Cas- 



telnau, Zoologie, p. 47, pi. viii. fig. 8 (1855). 

 Phyllostoma maximus, Wied, JReise nach Brasil. ii. p. 242. 



Head slightly raised above the face-line ; muzzle obtusely conical, 

 the distance between the eyes equals the distance between the eye 

 and the end of the muzzle ; ears shorter than the head (their extreme 

 length, anteriorly, being exactly equal to the distance between the 

 base of the tragus and the end of the muzzle), obtusely pointed ; 



