30. BRACHTPHTUA. 541 



developed ; tail none ; calcaiieum very short or wanting ; wing- 

 membrane extending to the distal extremity of the tibia ; feet quite 

 free. 



Dentition. Inc. j, c. ^, pm. |^, m. ^. 



Upper middle incisors triangular ; molars very broad and hoUow- 

 crowned ; the last molar in both jaws well developed. 



This genus resembles Phyllostoma in the form of the head exter- 

 nally, and in the comparative absence of conical papOlie fringing the 

 lips internallj', but agrees with other genera of Stetioclermata in the 

 peculiar shape of the molar teeth and in the absence of a tail. The 

 upper middle incisors in B. cavernarum are very similar in shape to 

 those of Desnwdus rufus, though much smaller, and differ in shape 

 from those of every other species of the group ; and the form of the 

 nose-leaf, and of the lower lip in front, as well as the structure of 

 the stomach (to some extent) also appear to connect it with the 

 Desmodontes (see p. 545). 



1. Brachyphylla cavernarum. 



BrachyphyUa cavernarum, Or ay, P. Z. S. 18.3.3, p. 12.3 ; Ann. Nat. 



Hist. iv. p. 2, pi. i. fig. 1 (1839). 

 Stenoderma cavernarum, Blainville, Osteograpliie, pi. vii. (skull) ; Ger- 



vais, Exped. du Comte de Castehiau, Zoologie, p. 3.3 (1855). 



Head very slightly raised above the face-line ; muzzle conical, 

 rather narrow in front, the distance between the eyes exactly equal 

 to the distance of the eye from the end of the muzzle ; ears shorter 

 than the head, the ear-conch and tragus very similar in shape to 

 those of Phyllostoma hastatum, but the upper half of the outer mar- 

 gin of the tragus has two additional small tooth-like projections ; 

 nose-leaf small, nearly circular, the front margin bound down to the 

 muzzle, the sides and upper margin free, the latter slightly bent for- 

 wards and emarginate in the middle ; behind the nose-leaf and on 

 each side is a deep groove bounded by a narrow naked glandular 

 elevation ; lower lip with a V-shaped groove in front bounded by a 

 naked elevation on either side, which is fringed externally by five 

 small warts (Plate XXX. figs. 5, 5 «). 



Thumb well developed, slightly shorter than the foot ; first phalanx 

 of the middle finger one third the length of the metacarpal bone ; 

 wings from the distal extremity of the tibia ; interf emoral membrane 

 extending as far backwards in the centre as a Une corresponding to 

 the commencement of the distal third of the tibia, and laterally as 

 far as the sides of the feet ; feet large and strong ; wing-membrane 

 between the humerus and femur, with numerous small raised papillae 

 arranged in close parallel lines. 



Above reddish brown, the base of the hairs paler ; beneath much 

 paler. The fur of the body scarcely extends upon the membranes, 

 and the forearms are naked ; the interfemoral has a few very fine 

 hairs, which also extend along the legs to the backs of the feet. The 

 face is well covered, and long hairs surround the eyes. 



