OF MAEINE COASTS. 4S 



of Gotland, and consisting exclusively of sand, has been visited and 

 studied by Semander, Andersson, Bisen and Stuxberg, Holtz and 

 Johansson. 



The only publications, in which the sand flora of the Baltic coast 

 of Sweden is treated, are by Erikson. In an excellent paper he describes 

 in detail the topographical features of the vegetation and also the struc- 

 tural adaptations of the sand strand plants of Eastern Scania, the 

 southernmost province of Sweden. Schultz has recently studied the geo- 

 graphical distribution of the strand plants of the Baltic countries. 



Warming's different papers on the sand flora of the Danish North 

 Sea coast are of the greatest importance, giving a good description of 

 this extensive sand district with its typical formations. The observa- 

 tions are made with the critical acumen so characteristic of this author. 

 The review of sand vegetation generally, which Warming gives in his 

 ecological plant geography, is a most comprehensive one. 



Feilberg has written on grass cultivation on Skagen, the sandy 

 Northernmost point of Denmark, and Baunkiaer published in 1889 a 

 good paper on the east and south shore of the adjoining part of the 

 North Sea. Of other authors who have written on the flora and ecology 

 of the Danish dunes, we may mention Andersen, Bang, Borgesen & 

 Jensen, Mentz, Paulsen, and Schmidt. 



Buchenau has written considerably on the sand flora of the German 

 North S'ea coast, and his studies are characterized by acute observa- 

 tions, and suggestive details. 



Pischer-Benzon, Focke, Graebner, Hansen, Hock, Hubbe, Knuth, 

 Lemmermann, Meyer, Noldeke, Beinke, Sandstede, and von Seeman 

 have all written more or less about the flora and vegetation of the same 

 coast, and especially on that of the outlying islands. 



Among more recent writers on the dune sand of Holland, and its 

 flora, we may mention Dozy, van Hall, Holkema, Lorie, Betgers, Schol- 

 tens, Vuyck, Winkler, and de Witt Hamer. Blijdenstein and Brants 

 have briefly referred to the flora of the dunes of this country and Eeden 

 has especially studied the distribution of dune plants, while Giltay paid 

 attention to some of the ecological adaptations. 



The vegetation of the sandy coast of Belgium has been investigated 

 by Massart and van der Swaelmen. 



Lesage has written on modifications of the leaf of maritime plants 

 when subjected to different environmental conditions. 



Various other writers, such as Baraban, Van den Bosch, Chodat, 

 Costantin, Delfortrie, Girardin, Gosselet, Gras, Labats, Masclef, Partiot, 



