OF MARINE COASTS. 



05 



fall of 1900 and in September and October, 1902. The coast is opeD 

 to the Indian ocean and the waves strike the beach with full force. The 

 beach is usually narrow and sloping in an angle of about 30°. (S'ee 

 Fig. 6.) Landwards it is bordered by a series of dunes, often of con- 

 siderable height. I have measured dunes being 32, 37, 44 m. over the 

 surface of the sea. 



Fig. 6. Shrub vegetation on stationary dunes North of Fremantle, Western 

 Australia. 



PHOTOGRAPH BY THE AUTHOR. 



South of Fremantle the beach is wider and then gradually merges 

 into dunes by the way of low mounds. Here the sand is still drifting 

 rapidly and many of the streets of the outskirts of the town are con- 

 stantly being filled with sand. 



The texture of the sand is coarse. The grains are angular, of a white 

 or in some places reddish color. 



